Ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12 chuyên đề Câu tường thuật

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: REPORTED SPEECH.

(CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG

1. Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật

Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu nói gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể. Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:

Said → said that

Said to sb → told sb

Ex: - He said, “I am twenty years old.”

He said that he was twenty years old.

- He said to me, “I work in a factory.”

He told me that he worked in a factory.

2. Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:

Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:

Simple present (V(s/es)) Simple past (V2/ed )Simple past (V2/ed) Past perfect ( had + V3/ed )Simple future (will/ shall + V0 ) Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 )Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing )Past continuous (was/were + V-ing) Past perfect continuous / past continuousFuture continuous (will + be + V-ing) Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing)Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed) Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed)Can couldMay mightMust had to Ex: He said, “I am a taxi driver.”

He said that he was a taxi driver.

He said, “I am living in London.”

He said that he was living in London.

He said, “I have visited many famous places.”

He said that he had visited many famous places.

He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”

He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China.

He said, “I will look for a better job.”

He said he would look for a better job.

“I must go now,” Alice said. → Alice said that he had to go at that time.

She said, “I can swim.”

She said she could swim.

3. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:

Câu trực tiếpCâu gián tiếpNgôi thứ nhấtĐôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với chủ từ trong mệnh đề chínhNgôi thứ haiĐổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính)Ngôi thứ baKhông thay đổi

Ex: He said, “I like my job.”

He said that he like his job.

He said to me, “You look like my sister.”

He told me that I looked like his siter.

4. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECHThisthat ThesethoseNowthen, at that time, immediatelyHerethereTodaythat dayAgobeforeYesterdaythe day before, the previous dayTomorrowthe next day, the following day, the day afterthis year / month / weekthat year / month / week last year / month / weekthe year / month / week before;

the previous year / month / week. next year / month / weekthe year / month / week after;

the following year / month / week.a year / month / week agoa year / month / week before;

a year / month / week earlierThe day before yesterdayTwo days beforeThe day after tomorrowTwo days after

Ex: He said, “I am working hard today.”

He said that he was working hard that day.

They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”

They said that they had gone to work late the day before.

* LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:

a. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3

Nếu câu nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tình từ…mà không đổi thì trong câu.

Ex: “If I were older, I would retire.”, he said.

He said if he were older, he would retire.

“If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently”, he said

He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.

b. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thói quen ở hiện tại.

Nếu câu nói trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thói quen thường xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp.

Ex 1: Trực tiếp: The teacher said, “The earth moves round the Sun”

Gián tiếp: The teacher said that The earth moves round the Sun.

Ex 2: Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.

Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.

c. Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai.

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta không thay đổi thì và các cum trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các đại từ hay tính từ…

Ex: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming.

d. Không thay đổ thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp nếu có thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.

Ex. She said, ‘‘I was born in 1980’’

She said that she was born in 1980

e. Các động từ khiếm khuyết: could, would, might, ought to, should thường không thay đổi trong câu tường thuật.

Ex. He said, ‘I might come’

He said that He might come’

- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn: “wish’

Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”

 He wishes (that) he had a lot of money

- Khi tường thuật cấu trúc: “It’s (high/ about) time”

Ex: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”

 She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed

I . REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS (Câu trần thuật)

Ta dùng động từ say hoặc tell để tường thuật:

* S + said + (that) + S + V

* S + told + O + (that) + S + V

Ex: He said, “I have just bought a computer today.”

He said that he had just bought a computer that day.

Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.”

Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door.

. DẠNG STATEMENT

They said “We will finish the test tomorrow.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

She said “ I can swim well.”

 She said……………………………………………………………………………..

Mai said to her mother: “I want to go to bed early.”

 Mai told……………………………………………………………………………..

He said “ She must go now.”

 He said………………………………………………………………………………

My teacher said to us “ Your homework must be finished tomorrow.”

 My teacher told us………………………………………………………………….

They said “We will have an important meeting next week.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

“You can use my car today .” he said to me.

 He told me…………………………………………………………………………..

He said “ I like traveling by air.”

 He said………………………………………………………………………………

She said “ I don’t like this table.”

 She said……………………………………………………………………………..

He said “ I will travel by taxi”

 He said………………………………………………………………………………

He said to me “ You can go out tonight with your brother.”

 He told me…………………………………………………………………………..

She said “ He will visit Ha Noi Capital tomorrow morning.”

 She said……………………………………………………………………………...

They said “ We don’t like eating this food.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

My mother said to me “You have to clean the window by yourself.”

 My mother told me…………………………………………………………………

The teacher said to me “She always makes noise in this class.”

 The teacher told me………………………………………………………………...

Minh said “ We can’t answer your question now, Nam.”

 Minh told……………………………………………………………………………

He said “My parents are proud of my command of English.”

 He said………………………………………………………………………………

They said “ We could swim across this river.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

They said “ We will try our best to success.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

She said “I hope you will be successful , Minh.”

 She told……………………………………………………………………………

He said to me “ Your room needs painting.”

 He told me…………………………………………………………………………

She said “ They like drinking coffee every day .”

 She said……………………………………………………………………………

He said to me “ This test will be done again next month.”

 He told me…………………………………………………………………………..

The teacher said “ I will give you good marks if you answer my question fluently , Mai.”

 The teacher said……………………………………………………………………

“ We enjoy swimming now.”she said.

 She said…………………………………………………………………………….

They said “ Tung is the tallest boy in this class.”

 They said……………………………………………………………………………

“You must be on time tomorrow.” He said to me.

 He told me………………………………………………………………………….

She said “I work for that company.”

 She said……………………………………………………………………………..

“ Reading books helps you widen your knowledge ,” said she.

 She said……………………………………………………………………………..

“ I need these books ,” he said.

 He said………………………………………………………………………………

1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”

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2. Thomas said “All the students will have a meeting next week”

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3. She said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”

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4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”

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5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”

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6. She said “I may visit my parents in summer”

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7. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”

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8. She said “I don’t buy this book”

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9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”

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10. Her classmate said “Ha is the most intelligent girl in our class”

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II. REPORTED SPEECH: QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)

a. Yes-No questions: Khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần thêm if hoặc whether trước chủ từ của câu hỏi được tường thuật:

* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V

* S + wondered + if /whether + S + V

* S + wanted to know + if /whether + S +V

Ex: He said to me, “Are you from Canada?”

He asked me if/whether I was from Canada.

The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?”

The man asked her if/whether Bill had told her his address.

The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?”

She asked David if/whether he lived near there.

3.DẠNG YES-NO QUESTION

1. “ Can you sing this song?” he asked me.

 He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

“ Are they cutting grass in this garden?” I asked him.

I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

“ Do you like fish?” he asked .

He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

“ Does she work here?” I asked him.

I asked him………………………………………………………………………

“ Do they play guitar well?” he asked me.

He asked me………………………………………………………………………

“Could you lend him some money?” I asked her.

I asked her……………………………………………………………………….

“ Will he come tomorrow morning?” she asked them

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Do your parents like watching TV after dinner?” they asked

They asked………………………………………………………………………...

“ Is she speaking to Mr Minh now?” I asked Tam

I asked Tam……………………………………………………………………….

“ Are they English?”I asked him

I asked him………………………………………………………………………..

“ Does she take a taxi to school? I asked him

I asked…………………………………………………………………………….

“ Do they work for your company?” he asked me

He asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Will it be difficult for us to solve this problem?” I asked him.

I asked…………………………………………………………………………….

“ Will you be free next month?” I asked her

I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

“ Is she your form teacher?” he asked me.

He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

“ Can you give me the information?”he asked me

He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

“ Are these your books?” she asked me

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Are they paniting your room?”she asked

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Is there some water in the fridge?” I asked her

I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

“ Do you like visiting this place again?” she asked

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Will the house be large if I move the chair to the place?”she asked

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Are you waiting for her?”she asked me

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Will you tell the truth?” he asked

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

“ Can you paint the wall?”he asked her

He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

“ Will her health be worse if she is not a ware of it?”he asked me.

He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

“ Are your students good at Maths?”she asked me

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Do they walk to school?”she asked me

She asked……………………………………………………………….................

“ Will he refuse to accept me?”she asked me

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Are they good books for you?”she asked me

She asked………………………………………………………………………….

“ Will it rain tomorrow?” I asked him

I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Mike asked Peter

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2. “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam

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3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam

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4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom

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5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend

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6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter

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7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan

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8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”

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9. “Will you be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu

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10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba

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b. Wh – Questions: Các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng một từ để hỏi như: who, when, where, when, why, how…,

* S + asked + (O) + wh -word + S + V

* S + wondered + wh - word + S + V

* S + wanted to know + wh - word + S + V

Ex: He said to them, “Where are you going?”

He asked them where they were going.

The teacher said, “When do you do your homework, Tom?”

The teacher asked Tom when he did his homework.

The tourist said to me, “How often does the train get in?”

The tourist asked me how often the train got in.

2. DẠNG WH-QUESTION

1. The policeman said to me “ What is your name?”

 The policeman asked………………………………………………………………

2. “ How often do you visit her?” I asked me.

 I asked John………………………………………………………………………..

3. He asked me “ Where do you live?”

 He asked……………………………………………………………………………

4. “ How much are these hats?” he asked John.

 He asked John……………………………………………………………………...

5. “ What time does your school begin?”they asked me.

 They asked…………………………………………………………………………

6. “ What are you doing now?” he asked.

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

7. “ Who are you speaking to?”he asked

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

8. “ What do your parents do?” she asked Mary.

 She asked Mary…………………………………………………………………...

9. “ What kind of books does she like reading?” they asked me.

 They asked me…………………………………………………………………….

10. “ How do you speak this sentence in English?” he asked.

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

11. “ What will you do tomorrow?” he asked.

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………...

12. “ Why are you late for school?” I asked Mai.

 I asked Mai…………………………………………………………………………

13. “ What can I do for you,Nam?” I asked.

 I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

14. “ Why is he crying?” she asked me.

 She asked me………………………………………………………………………

15. “ Why is she sad?” I said to myself.

 I wondered………………………………………………………………………...

16. “ Why don’t I say anything?” he said to himself.

 He wondered………………………………………………………………………

17. “ When does she come?” I asked my brother.

 I asked my brother……………………………………………………………….

18. “ How many books do you want, Tom?” I asked.

 I asked…………………………………………………………………………….

19. “ How far is it from your house to your school?’ she asked.

 She asked………………………………………………………………………….

20. “ When are you working now?” he asked me.

 He asked me………………………………………………………………………

21. “ Why do you enjoy reading books?” he asked.

 He asked…………………………………………………………………………..

22. “ How do we operate this machine?” he asked them.

 He asked them…………………………………………………………………….

23. “ Why do you study English?” he asked me.

 He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

24. “ Who is writing this letter?” I asked her

 I asked her…………………………………………………………………………

25. “ What will we buy for dinner,mother?” I asked.

 I asked……………………………………………………………………………..

26. “ How much money do you have?” he asked me

 He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

27. “ How do I decide this problem?” he asked me.

 He asked her………………………………………………………………………

28. “ Where is your house?” I asked her.

 I asked her…………………………………………………………………………

29. “ What should I do in this situation?” I asked her.

 I asked her…………………………………………………………………………

30. “ Who will help me this work?” he asked me.

 He asked me……………………………………………………………………….

1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me

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2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked John

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3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”

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4. “What time doesthe film begin?” She asked her mom

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5. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”

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6. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him

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7. “How much does this dress cost?” Ann asked her mother

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8. Mary asked David “How often do you wash your clothes?”

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9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu

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10. “How many books do the students need?” The librarian asked my teacher

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III. REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS/ORDERS/REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh/Câu đề nghị)

Ta dung động từ ask hoặc tell để tường thuật:

* S + told/asked + O + to V(inf)

* S + told /asked+ O + not + to V(inf)

EX:

Dick said to Jim: “Please open the window.”  Dick told Jim to open the window.

Mother said, “Tim, go to bed early.”  Mother told Tim to go to bed early.

Father said to Liz: “Don’t come home late.”  Father told Liz not to come home late.

Mary angrily said: “Never smoke in my room.”  Mary told us not to smoke in her room.

“Would you turn on the radio, please?” She asked.  She asked me to turn on the radio.

“Could y