Topic: Although vs In spite of - Because vs Because of

Topic – Although vs. In spite of – Because vs. Because of

Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:

Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING .

Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.

Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.

Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ: Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ, bỏ to be

Although the rain is heavy,.......

Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ......

Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + be + tính từ : Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be

Although He was sick,........

Despite / in spite of his sickness,.......

Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + động từ + trạng từ: Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ

Although he behaved impolitely,.....

Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,.........

Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ: Thì bỏ there be

Although there was an accident ,.....

Despite / in spite of an accident,......

Đây là các công thức chung nhất, còn nhiều trường hợp đặc biệt và phức tạp hơn, cần giải quyết linh hoạt bằng các phương pháp biến đổi từ loại

Although a special guest attended suddenly in the party,…

In spite of the sudden attendance of a special guest in the party,…

Trong câu này, trạng từ suddenly chuyển thành tính từ sudden, động từ attend chuyển thành attendance và không có đại từ nên đã sử dụng cấu trúc sở hữu với of

Công thức này cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF

Bài tập: Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.

In spite of

Mary could not go to school because she was sick.

Because of

Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.

Despite

My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.

In spite of

Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.

Because of

Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.

Despite

Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.

Despite

In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job.

Although

Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.

In spite of

In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.

Even though

EXERCISE 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG

The teacher ___________ teaches us French is coming today.

A. whom B. who C. that D. B & C

I know a boy ________ father is a very important person.

A. what B. where C. which D. whose

This is the place ________ we have tea.

A. what B. where C. which D. that

That is the man ________ came yesterday.

A. who B. where C. which D. whom

Tomorrow I'll tell you the hour ________ you must come.

A. what B. where C. which D. when

People ________ never work don't earn money.

A. what B. who C. which D. whom

This is the boy ________ I met in the park.

A. what B. Ø C. whom D. B&C

Dogs ________ bite people are dangerous

A. which B. they C. whom D. who

The clock ________ is over the door is broken

A. on which B. they C. which D. who

That is the boy ________ car is completely new.

A. which B. whose C. whom D. who

Give me the ball ________ I lent you last Sunday.

A. which B. C. that D. All are correct

I haven't found the money in the place________ you told me it would be.

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

Who is that man ________ is parking the car?

A. which B. they C. who D. whose

Tell me the time ________ you are going to arrive.

A. at which B. they C. when D. A&C

That radio ________ is on the table is not yours.

A. which B. they C. whose D. who

The woman ________ is speaking to Tom is her mother.

A. which B. who C. whose D. she

Do you know the wife of that man ________ is waiting for the bus?

A. which B. he C. who D. whom

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of; since or for

1. ………he took a taxi, Bill was still late for the concert.

2. ………………his suffering from a bad cold, William still went to school.

3. …………………….his old age, Mr. Bean runs four miles before breakfast.

4. ………………………..the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail.

5. I didn't get the job............................. I had all the necessary qualifications.

6. ……………………….he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.

7. ………………………..…the large crowds, we could not see what was going.

8. ..................... everything looked different, I realized where we used to live.

9. ........the cost of living in Britain is high, there are fewer tourists here this year.

10.. ............ having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir.

11. Tom’s father has been a policeman ................20 years.

12. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ..................many years.

13. They have known each other .................they were at school.

14. She has worked here ..................the company started.

15. We have been learning English ………………. three years.

EXERCISE 4:Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.

The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.



He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.



He smokes cigarettes. They are very strong.



Let me see the pictures. You took them at Peter's wedding.



Some people only think about money. I don't like them.



Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.



We bought a car last week. The car is blue.

 The car

The girl is a singer. We met her at the party.

 The girl

The bananas are on the table. George bought them.

 The bananas

We watched a film last night. It was really scary.

 The film

I have to learn new words. They are very difficult.

 The new words

Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d- that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase

5. I was late for school this morning because my alarm didn’t ………………

A. go on B. go off C. go away D. go up

6. It takes my father thirty minutes …………….. to work everyday.

A. to go B. going C. went D. go

7. Our teacher always expects us ………………………well in exams.

A. do B. doing C. to do D. to have done

8. When I ………….to visit him, he ………….to work.

A. came/gone B. came/had gone C. had gone/went D. had come/had gone

9. The government is doing nothing to help ……………..

A. the poor people B. the poor ones C. the poor D. the pours

10. In spite of her deafness, she played the violin very well.

A. ability to speak B. inability to see C. inability to hear D. mentallly impairment

11. My father didn’t ______________ coffee for breakfast

A. used to have B. use to have C. use to having D. use be having

12. It rained all the time, ______________ was a great pity.

A. that B. what C. which D. who

13. She ___________ before I _____________last night.

A. left / came B. had left / came C. had left /had came D. had left/ came

14. Will you please stop ________________ TV channels?

A. to change B. change C. be changed D. changing

15. He _____________the piano everyday.

A. practise B. practises C. to practise D. practising

WRITING Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning (5points)

1. Peter wishes he had attented Mary’s party. (remember + V-ing)

=> …………………………………………………………………………..

2. We had dinner, and then we went to the concert. (After)

=> ……………………………………………………………………………

3. People who have lots of money have a comfortable life. (the + adjective)

=> ……………………………………………………………………………

4. She likes English best. (Make question)

=> …………………………………………………………………………..

5. They spent two years building the house. (took)

=> …………………………………………………………………………..

6. He wants to learn a foreign language. He’s interested in it. (learning)

=> ……………………………………………………………………………

7. They didn’t finish their work. That makes my teacher angry. (using which)

=> …………………………………………………………………………….

8. They no longer play tennis. (using used to)

=> …………………………………………………………………………….

9. It took him $500 to buy that mobile phone. (Make question)

=> ……………………………………………………………………………

10. Watching that film is interesting. (to + V-infinitive)

=> …………………………………………………………………………….

. Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning.

23.. They haven’t bought these books before.

=>This is the first time they……………………………………………

24.. The last time I came to visited her was 10 years ago.

=> I haven’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.. They played tennis last year but now they don’t.

=> They used to……………………………………………………………………

26..After she had done homework she went to school.

=> Before …………………………………………………………………………………...

27.. They spent two years building the house.

=> It took them………………………………………………………………………………

VI. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.

28.. After she had had lunch, she had taken a nap.

29.. It’s the first time I watched an English film.

30.. The manager has finished working on the report last night.

31.. She did the homework since she met her mother

Read the passage below about Louis Braille and answer the questions. ( 1 ms)

Louis Braille was born in 1809 in Paris, He went blind at the age of three when he fell in his father’s workroom. But Louis was very clever, He wanted to be a musician, so he learned to play the cello, and at the age of ten he won a scholarship to the National Institute for Blind Children in Paris. In 1820, a French soldier, Charles Barber, invented “ night writing”, He used special dots on paper so that soldiers could read at night. Louis Braille understood the importance of this invention for blind people and when he was fifteen, he began to develop it. In 1829 he started to use it at the Institute. By 1932 “ Braille” was in use all over the world, but Louis died in 1852 and he never knew the importance of his invention.

19.Where was Louis born?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

20.. Did he win a scholarship to the National Institute for Blind children in Paris when he was ten?

……………………………………………………………………………………

21..What did he use on paper so that soldier could read at night?

……………………………………………………………………………………

22. How old was Louis Braille when he died?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Ex 1 Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:

11) Many people began to wearing jeans because they were cheap.=> Because of……..12) Since he was careless, Tom lost the game.=> Because of……..13) Although she behaves well, no one loves her.=> Despite……..14) Because of the cold weather, the crops are late this year.=> Because ……..15) Mary was worried because Tom was late.=> Because of……..16) Tom walked slowly because his leg was bad.=> Because of……..17) I came here because I want the English course.=> Because of……..18) I went to school although it was hot.=> Despite……..19) Because the dust in the room, I can’t go in.=> Because of……..20) Because of too much smoke, We have to wear masks .=> Because ……..

EXERCISE 2

1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

àBecause of

2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.

à In spite

3. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.

à Despite

4. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.

Because of

5. She didn’t buy the house because the price was very high.

Because of

6. She only accepted the job because of the high salary.

Because

7. We couldn’t sleep because the weather was hot.

Because of

8. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.

in spite of

9. He didn't arrive until 9 o'clock although he promised that he wouldn't be late.

in spite of

10. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.

In spite of

11. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

Because of

12. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

Because of

13. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.

Because _