REMEMBER:
Câu Tường Thuật (Reported Speech) hay còn gọi là câu gián tiếp, là câu được dùng khi chúng ta muốn thuật lại hay kế lại một câu mà người khác đã nói.
- Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:
Present simple => Past simple
Present continuous => Past continuous
Present perfect => Past perfect
Past simple => Past perfect
Present perfect continuous => Past perfect continuous
Past continuous => Past perfect continuous
will => would
can => could
must/ have to => had to
may => might
here => there
now => then/ at that moment
today/ tonight => that day/ that night
tomorrow => the next day
next week => the following week
yesterday => the previous day/ the day before
last week => the week before
ago => before
CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
S + said + (that) + S + V(đổi thì)
S + say(s) + (that) + S + V(ko đổi thì)
Ex: He said to me "I haven’t finished my work"
-> He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V
Ex: ”Are you angry?” he asked
-> He asked if/whether I was angry.
b.Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + What/which/where............+ S + V.
* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O
Ex: ”What are you talking about?” said the teacher.
-> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
c. Câu yêu cầu
S + asked + O + to-V1/ not to V1
Ex: Please help me!
-> You asked me to help you.
3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-V1
Ex: ”Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said
-> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-V1
Ex: ”Don’t talk in class" the teacher said to us.
–>The teacher told us not to talk in class.
Một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt:
-> SHALL/ WOULD dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:
Tom asked: 'Shall I bring you some tea?'
-> Tom offered to bring me some tea.
Tom asked: 'Shall we meet at the theatre?'
-> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre.
-> WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:
Tom asked: 'Will you help me, please?'
-> Tom asked me to help him.
Jane asked Tom: 'Can you open the door for me, Tom?'
-> Jane asked Tom to open the door for her.
................................................................................................................................................
10. The boy asked his sister if she had ever read a book on space flights.
11. The travel agent asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
12. Nga’s grandmother asked her to turn up the volume. (sau to là V1 nha!)
13. She asked what I was doing.
14. Mr. Brown asked if I could speak E.
15. The examiner asked What I usually did in my free time.
16. My friend asked if I was going to leave the next day.
17. Tom asked Mary if she had phoned him the day before. (trên đề là thì quá khứ=>đổi sang quá khứ hoàn thành nha! dễ bị quên lắm đó!)
18. I asked the policeman if he knowed how far it is to the station.
