10
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Everyone should remember to switch off ________lights before going out.
A:
a
B:
the
C:
an
D:
no article
11
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Thank you for having ____ the information about global warming.
A:
share
B:
shares
C:
shared
D:
sharing
12
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The local residents suspected the authorities ____ having kept the pollution level secret from the local people.
A:
for
B:
of
C:
about
D:
on
13
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
A:
dangerous
B:
ecology
C:
environment
D:
diversity
14
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature’s output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions ____.
A:
can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants
B:
will react harmfully with natural pollutants
C:
will damage areas outside of the localized regions
D:
can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
15
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
The factory owner denied having said that he should take responsibility for the damage that his factory caused to the surrounding environment.
A:
opposed
B:
accepted
C:
rejected
D:
refuted
16
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
A:
habitat
B:
natural
C:
endangered
D:
dangerous
17
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
One of the aims of the Greenpace is to raise awareness of the __________problems facing our planet.
A:
environmentally
B:
environment
C:
environmental
D:
environmentalist
