Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean ewaste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of hightech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley)
According to the European Union's laws, electronics manufacturers are required to ________.
A.upgrade their recycling infrastructure regularly
B.sell their e-waste to developed nations only
C.sign the Basel Convention
D.take responsibility for disposing of their products safely

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean ewaste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of hightech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley)
The word “notify” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.assure
B.notice
C.excuse
D.inform

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean ewaste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of hightech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley)
The word “obsolete” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.outdated
B.inaccurate
C.broken
D.incomplete

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean ewaste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of hightech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley)
Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A.Waste Recycling: A Storm in a Teacup
B.Domestic Recycling: Pros and Cons
C.E-waste - An Export Commodity of the Future
D.E-waste - A Mess to Clear up

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travelers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.
Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.
Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.
So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative”, says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you're a guest.”
(Adopted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)
According to Hilary Waterhouse, the most important thing for a tribal tourist is to ________.
A.forget about negative experiences
B.respect local customs and traditions
C.learn about other guests
D.be accompanied by other travellers

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean ewaste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of hightech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley)
Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A.The USA's total e-waste output amounts to 70,000 tons per year.
B.Creative Recycling Systems has made a fortune from their recycling machine.
C.The Basel Convention originally banned the import of high-tech trash into European countries.
D.Shipping e-waste abroad yields greater profit than recycling it safely in the USA.

New York, .................I'd love to visit one day, is a wonderful city.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.to which

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing.
A.Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced.
B.Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable prices.
C.No matter how reasonable the prices of smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new applications.
D.Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable cut, with new applications, they are also more appealing.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.
A.You shouldn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
B.You must have criticised your son in front of his friends.
C.You mightn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
D.You could have criticised your son in front of his friends.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
My father likes reading newspapers more than watching TV.
A.My father doesn't like watching TV as much as reading newspapers.
B.My father likes watching TV more than reading newspapers.
C.My father doesn't like reading newspapers as much as watching TV.
D.My father likes watching TV as much as reading newspapers.