From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D), choose the one that best completes the sentence.
. What would be the ................. qualification in your own country ?
A.equivalent
B.same
C.similar
D.corresponded

From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D), choose the one that best completes the sentence.
The children can get to school ten minutes earlier if they take a short………….. through the park.
A.link
B.cut
C.pass
D.path

From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D), choose the one that best completes the sentence.
Enormous swellsroused by ferocious winds made it impossible to ______the ship to safety.
A.direct
B.control
C.steer
D.drive

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.
During the Middle Ages, societies were based on military relationships, as landowners formed their own foot armies into which they drafted their tenants and hired hands. The infantry that fought its way forward against the opposition engaged in heavy ground battles that proved costly in the ratio of losses to wins. These soldiers carried darts, javelins, and slings to be used before closing ranks with the enemy, although their swords and halberds delivered crushing blows on contact. Such armed forces were active for limited periods of time and had a predominantly defensive function, displayed in hand-to-hand combat.
Because this sporadic and untrained organization was ineffective, the ruling classes began to hire mercenaries who were generously compensated for their tasks and subject to contractual terms of agreement. The greatest idiosyncrasy of a hired military force was that the troops sometimes deserted their employers if they could bank on a higher remuneration from the opposition. The Swiss pikemen became the best-known mercenaries of the late Middle Ages. In the 1300s, they practically invented a crude body armor of leather and quilted layered head gear with nose and skull plates, ornamented with crests. Their tower shields proved indispensable against a shower of arrows, and their helmets progressed from cone cups to visors hinged at the temples. As their notoriety increased, so did their wages, and eventually they were rounded into military companies that later grew into the basic units in almost all armies. During the same period, the first full-size army of professional soldiers emerged in the Ottoman Empire. What set these troops apart from other contemporary armies was that these soldiers remained on duty in peacetime.
Companies of mercenaries were employed on a permanent basis in 1445, when King Charles VII created a regular military organization, complete with a designated hierarchy.. Gunpowder accelerated the emergence of military tactics and strategy that ultimately affected the conceptualization of war on a broad scale. Cannons further widened the gap between the attacking and the defending lineups, and undermined the exclusivity of contact battles.
What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To distinguish between laborers and mercenaries
B.To change the existing view of the military
C.To cite examples of armor in the Middle Ages
D.To trace the origins of military organization

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.
During the Middle Ages, societies were based on military relationships, as landowners formed their own foot armies into which they drafted their tenants and hired hands. The infantry that fought its way forward against the opposition engaged in heavy ground battles that proved costly in the ratio of losses to wins. These soldiers carried darts, javelins, and slings to be used before closing ranks with the enemy, although their swords and halberds delivered crushing blows on contact. Such armed forces were active for limited periods of time and had a predominantly defensive function, displayed in hand-to-hand combat.
Because this sporadic and untrained organization was ineffective, the ruling classes began to hire mercenaries who were generously compensated for their tasks and subject to contractual terms of agreement. The greatest idiosyncrasy of a hired military force was that the troops sometimes deserted their employers if they could bank on a higher remuneration from the opposition. The Swiss pikemen became the best-known mercenaries of the late Middle Ages. In the 1300s, they practically invented a crude body armor of leather and quilted layered head gear with nose and skull plates, ornamented with crests. Their tower shields proved indispensable against a shower of arrows, and their helmets progressed from cone cups to visors hinged at the temples. As their notoriety increased, so did their wages, and eventually they were rounded into military companies that later grew into the basic units in almost all armies. During the same period, the first full-size army of professional soldiers emerged in the Ottoman Empire. What set these troops apart from other contemporary armies was that these soldiers remained on duty in peacetime.
Companies of mercenaries were employed on a permanent basis in 1445, when King Charles VII created a regular military organization, complete with a designated hierarchy.. Gunpowder accelerated the emergence of military tactics and strategy that ultimately affected the conceptualization of war on a broad scale. Cannons further widened the gap between the attacking and the defending lineups, and undermined the exclusivity of contact battles.
The word “sporadic” is closest in meaning to
A.spirited
B.splendid
C.irrevenrent
D.irregular

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.
During the Middle Ages, societies were based on military relationships, as landowners formed their own foot armies into which they drafted their tenants and hired hands. The infantry that fought its way forward against the opposition engaged in heavy ground battles that proved costly in the ratio of losses to wins. These soldiers carried darts, javelins, and slings to be used before closing ranks with the enemy, although their swords and halberds delivered crushing blows on contact. Such armed forces were active for limited periods of time and had a predominantly defensive function, displayed in hand-to-hand combat.
Because this sporadic and untrained organization was ineffective, the ruling classes began to hire mercenaries who were generously compensated for their tasks and subject to contractual terms of agreement. The greatest idiosyncrasy of a hired military force was that the troops sometimes deserted their employers if they could bank on a higher remuneration from the opposition. The Swiss pikemen became the best-known mercenaries of the late Middle Ages. In the 1300s, they practically invented a crude body armor of leather and quilted layered head gear with nose and skull plates, ornamented with crests. Their tower shields proved indispensable against a shower of arrows, and their helmets progressed from cone cups to visors hinged at the temples. As their notoriety increased, so did their wages, and eventually they were rounded into military companies that later grew into the basic units in almost all armies. During the same period, the first full-size army of professional soldiers emerged in the Ottoman Empire. What set these troops apart from other contemporary armies was that these soldiers remained on duty in peacetime.
Companies of mercenaries were employed on a permanent basis in 1445, when King Charles VII created a regular military organization, complete with a designated hierarchy.. Gunpowder accelerated the emergence of military tactics and strategy that ultimately affected the conceptualization of war on a broad scale. Cannons further widened the gap between the attacking and the defending lineups, and undermined the exclusivity of contact battles.
The author of the passage implies that the soldiers in mercenary armies were
A.not loyal
B.not effective
C.well guarded
D.well rounded

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.
During the Middle Ages, societies were based on military relationships, as landowners formed their own foot armies into which they drafted their tenants and hired hands. The infantry that fought its way forward against the opposition engaged in heavy ground battles that proved costly in the ratio of losses to wins. These soldiers carried darts, javelins, and slings to be used before closing ranks with the enemy, although their swords and halberds delivered crushing blows on contact. Such armed forces were active for limited periods of time and had a predominantly defensive function, displayed in hand-to-hand combat.
Because this sporadic and untrained organization was ineffective, the ruling classes began to hire mercenaries who were generously compensated for their tasks and subject to contractual terms of agreement. The greatest idiosyncrasy of a hired military force was that the troops sometimes deserted their employers if they could bank on a higher remuneration from the opposition. The Swiss pikemen became the best-known mercenaries of the late Middle Ages. In the 1300s, they practically invented a crude body armor of leather and quilted layered head gear with nose and skull plates, ornamented with crests. Their tower shields proved indispensable against a shower of arrows, and their helmets progressed from cone cups to visors hinged at the temples. As their notoriety increased, so did their wages, and eventually they were rounded into military companies that later grew into the basic units in almost all armies. During the same period, the first full-size army of professional soldiers emerged in the Ottoman Empire. What set these troops apart from other contemporary armies was that these soldiers remained on duty in peacetime.
Companies of mercenaries were employed on a permanent basis in 1445, when King Charles VII created a regular military organization, complete with a designated hierarchy.. Gunpowder accelerated the emergence of military tactics and strategy that ultimately affected the conceptualization of war on a broad scale. Cannons further widened the gap between the attacking and the defending lineups, and undermined the exclusivity of contact battles.
According to the passage, the first army of professionals was mobilized
A.only in peacetime
B.only in wartime
C.in times of anticipated war
D.both during war and during peace

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

A.miraculous
B.practitioner
C.accumulate
D.apprehensive

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

A.domestic
B.applicant
C.wilderness
D.heritage

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

A.favour
B.harbor
C.flour
D.vapor