Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
              Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the  potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms  and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical  barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects. If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Other possible chemical  defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.
            Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of  vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis ― that is, they become diseased and die ― after being penetrated by a parasite ; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been put forward to explain the bases of hypersensitive resistance.
The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
A. attractive to
B.strengthened by
C.classified by
D.susceptible to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions below.
    It is estimated that about 200 million people use the Internet computer network around the world. The Internet allows people to work at home instead of travelling to work. The Internet allows businesses to communicate with customers and workers in many parts of the world for the cost of a local telephone call.
   E-mail allows users to send documents, pictures and other data from one part of the world to another in at least 5 minutes. People can use the Internet to do shopping. This saves a lot of time. It is possible to use the Internet for education - students may connect with their teachers from home to send or receive e-mail or talk their problems through "online" rather than attending a class.
To a business, the Internet is......to communicate with customers.

A.a cheap way
B.an inconvenient way
C.a difficult way   
D.a very expensive way

(23)
A.changes                  
B.adjustments             
C.exchanges               
D.alterations

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The old man warned the young boys _______ in the deep river.
A.not to swimming
B.don’t swim
C.to swim
D.against swimming

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
- Host: "I'm terribly sorry for this inconvenience." - Guest: "_________"
A.Fine, thanks
B.It's not your fault
C.I'll do better next time
D.It's mine. I came late

_________ (32)
A.fingerprints
B.footprints
C.handprints
D.prints

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the numbered blanks.
An ecosystem is a community of animals, plants and microbes that sustain themselves in the same area or environment by performing the activities of living, feeding, reproducing and interacting. Like many of Africas large mammals, giraffes have (46)______ in numbers and in range over the last century. At one time, herds of over 100 animals were common in savanna regions across the continent, however, today concentrations like these exist only in East Africa particularly Tanzania Serengeti National Park.
The decline of giraffe populations has largely been due to hunting. In Africa, the giraffe is a traditional source of hide and hair and also of tough but (47)______  meat. The hunting of giraffes has not yet had a catastrophic effect, (48)______ on some of Africas big-game animals, but it is a cause for concern. The natural habitat of the giraffe is also being impacted more and more by human activities, (49)______ the animals range. The giraffe is currently a protected species throughout most of its range and is classed as conservation-dependent by the World Conservation Union. The giraffe’s prospects for survival are good for (50)______ living in national parks and game reserves, but for animals living outside these areas the future is less secure.
(46)______
A.raised    
B.declined  
C.destroyed  
D.limited

Read the passage and choose the best answers.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) safeguards hundreds of species around the world, but we focus species attention on our flagship species: giant pandas, tigers, endangered whales and dolphins, rhinos, elephant, marine turtles and great apes. These species not only need special measures and extra protection in order to survive, they also serve as “umbrella” species: helping them helps numerous other species that live in the same habitats.
In addition to our flagship animals, we work to protect numerous species in peril around the world that live within our priority eco-regions. Large predators like snow leopards and grizzly bears, migratory species like whooping cranes and song birds, and a host of other species facing threats also benefit from WWF’ s conservation efforts. Our wildlife trade experts at “traffic” work to ensure that trade wildlife products, doesn’t harm a species, while also fighting against illegal and unsustainable trade.
WWF is known for acting sound science. Science leads and guides us strategies and approaches, from the way to restore tigers in viable, breed population to decide which areas need protection the most.
How many species do we pay much attention to?
A.5
B.8
C.7
D.9

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.
According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ______.
A.they may be endangered
B.they can begin to develop
C.they will certainly need water
D.they move to tropical forests

______(56)
A.aid
B.facilitate
C.assist
D.help