Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 32.
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelt - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapour might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air.
The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if.......
A.the other substances in the area are known  
B.it is in a localized area
C.the natural level is also known      
D.it can be calculated quickly

Which question is NOT answered in the reading?
A.How much does the World Cup trophy weigh? 
B.Who made the first trophy?
C.Where did the police find the stolen trophy?  
D.How much money is the trophy worth?

_______ (16)
A.come
B.go
C.speak
D.refer

(28) 
A.point                                   
B.to point    
C.pointed                   
D.pointing

The word “criterion” in line 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A.need                       
B.expectation                         
C.rule                         
D.standard

VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheer to indicate the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in the following questions from 31 to 32.
My cousin tends to look on the bright side in any circumstances.
A.be smart
B.be pessimistic
C.be confident 
D.be optimistic

for a short while , I managed to catch_______ of the President entering the place.
A.vision   
B.notice
C.view  
D.sight

I/ not see/ Jane/ for 3 years.
A.I haven't seen Jane since 3 years.
B.I haven't seen Jane in 3 years.
C.I haven't seen Jane for 3 years.
D.I haven't seen Jane about 3 years.

IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The first thing to do when you have a trip abroad is to check that your passport is valid. Holders of out-of-date passports are not allowed to travel overseas. Then you can prepare for your trip. If you don't know the language, you can have all kinds of problems communicating with local people. Buying a pocket dictionary can make a difference. You'll be able to order food, buy things in shops and ask for directions. It's worth getting one. Also there's nothing worse than arriving at your destination to find there are no hotels available. The obvious way to avoid this is to book in advance. This can save you money too. Another frustrating thing that can happen is to go somewhere and not know about important sightseeing places. Get a guide book before you leave and make the most of your trip. It's a must.
Then, when you are ready to pack your clothes, make sure they are the right kind. It's no good packing sweaters and coats for a hot country or T-shirts and shorts for a cold one. Check the local climate before you leave.
Also, be careful how much you pack in your bags. It's easy to take too many clothes and then not have enough space for souvenirs. But make sure you pack essentials. What about money? Well, it's a good idea to take some local currency with you but not too much. There are conveniently located cash machines (ATMs) in most big cities, and it's usually cheaper to use them than change your cash in banks. Then you'll have more money to spend. When you are at your destination, other travellers often have great information they are happy to share. Find out what they have to say. It could enhance your travelling experience.
        (Adapted from Pearson Test of English General Skills)
According to the passage, you should do all of the following before leaving EXCEPT _____ .
A.taking money from an ATM 
B.making sure of the validity of your passport
C.preparing suitable clothes    
D.getting a guide book

According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions _______.
A.can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants
B.can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
C.will damage areas outside of the localized regions     
D.will react harmfully with natural pollutants