Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
"The economic history of the United States", one scholar has written, "is the history of the rise and development of the capitalistic system". The colonists of the eighteenth century pushed forward what those of the seventeenth century have begun: the expansion and elaboration of an economy born in the great age of capitalist expansion.
Our excellent natural resources paved the way for the development of abundant capital to increase our growth. Capital includes the tools – such as: machines, vehicles, and buildings – that makes the outputs of labor and resources more valuable. But it also includes the funds necessary to buy those tools. If a society had to consume everything it produced just to stay alive, nothing could be put aside to increase future productions. But if a farmer can grow more corn than his family needs to eat, he can use the surplus as seed to increase the next crop, or to feed workers who build tractors. This process of capital accumulation was aided in the American economy by our cultural heritage. Saving played an important role in the European tradition. It contributed to American’s motivation to put something aside today for the tools to buy tomorrow.
The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of America, as distinguished from what was consumed, was derived either directly or indirectly from trade. Though some manufacturing existed, its role in the accumulation of capital was negligible. A merchant class of opulent proportions was already visible in the seaboard cities, its wealth as the obvious consequence of shrewd and resourceful management of the carrying trade. Even the rich planters of tidewater Virginia and the rice coast of South Carolina finally depended for their genteel way of life upon the ships and merchants who sold their tobacco and rice in the markets of Europe. As colonial production rose and trade expanded, a business community emerged in the colonies, linking the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest.
The word "it" in the third sentence  of paragraph 2 refers to
A.growth    
B.resource 
C.labour  
D.capital

Exercise 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 10.
Some people believe that soon schools will no longer be necessary. They say that (6) ______ the Internet and other new technologies, (7)_______ no longer any need for school buildings, formal class, or teachers. Perhaps this will be true one day, but this is hard to (8)  _________ a world without schools. In fact, we need to look at how we can use new technology to make schools better, not (9) _______them. We should invent a new kind of school that is (10)________to libraries, museums, science centers, laboratories, and even companies.
(7) 
A.there is
B.there are
C.it is  
D.they are

(3)
A.numerous                             
B.sum                            
C.amount                           
D.great deal

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Bacteria that live in soil and water play a vital role in recycling carbon, nitrogen sulfur, and another chemical elements used by living things.
A.soil and water
B.a vital role
C.another
D.living things

Multiple choices:
I wish I ........ more about the logistics of the expedition.
A.would know
B.knew
C.know
D.can know

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete sentences.
A farmer was struck by............... on Thursday evening, while mending a fence in one of his fields.
A.thunder
B.lightning
C.storm
D.rain

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
As there were too many participants at the seminar, the main speaker _______ them into four smaller groups for discussion.
A.divided                  
B.submitted                         
C.enrolled                  
D.provided

It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis_____
A.are often identified by ships on the ocean
B.generally reach heights greater than 40 meters
C.are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean
D.cause severe damage in the middle of the ocean

“There are flights from Nha Trang to Ha Noi twice a week” they said to me.
A.They told me that there had been flights from Nha Trang to Ha Noi twice a week.
B.They told me that there were flights from Nha Trang to Ha Noi two a week.
C.They told me that there were flights from Nha Trang with Ha Noi twice a week.
D.They told me that there were flights from Nha Trang to Ha Noi twice a week.

Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude?
A.indifferent  
B.forgiving
C.concerned 
D.surprised