1. In spite of/ Despite + V_ing(cùng S)/ NP, clause
In spite of the fog, the plane took off.
2. Because + clause, clause
Because she didn’t learn the lessons, she failed the exam.
3. Because of NP/ V_ing, clause
Because of the careless driver, the car crashed.
4. Although + clause, clause
Although I had a terrible headache, I followed the group to see the sights.