VIII. Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Many people cut trees all over the world. These are people (41) _________do not know they are harming themselves by their action. Recently, there was news about the destruction of lives and property in Uttarakhand due to flash floods (42) _________by a cloud burst. According to ecologists and (43) _________, one of the main causes of this catastrophe was deforestation. Actually, people cut trees for the sake of luxury and money. Deforestation results (44) _________global warming, drought and famine. People should be made aware of the ill effects of deforestation. Organizations like WWF (World Wildlife Fund) should be encouraged in their efforts and guided in all possible ways to help promote preservation of forest land. If deforestation continues at the current rate, a day will come when the human (45) _________itself will be endangered.
(43) 
A.environmental       
B.environmentalists 
C.environmentalist         
D.environment

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Read the passage carefully, then choose the best answer for each question.
SEA MONSTERS
Monsters of the Deep
Sea monsters are not just imaginary creatures. Millions of years ago, real monsters did actually live on Earth.
Today, scientists use fossils to help them figure out what these monsters were like. The fossils can help us understand some of the animals' unusual characteristics. After studying the fossils, the scientists can make very detailed pictures of these animals. So now, we can all see what they looked like.
Eyes in the Dark
Temnodontosaurus was definitely an unusual animal. Its name means "cutting-tooth lizard," and with good reason—it had very big teeth. It also had some of the largest eyes in nature. They were over 25 centimeters  (10 inches) across! With such big eyes, Temnodontosaurus could easily find its food in the dark water.
Terror of the Deep
Kronosaurus—the "Kronos lizard"—lived in the seas that covered Australia. But it probably used its fins to climb out  of the water and lay its eggs on land. Its head was two meters (seven feet) long. Its teeth were as big as bananas! The main function of strong jaws and teeth like these was to catch smaller animals. In fact, Kronosaurus was one of the most dangerous predators of all time.
The Stalker
Known as the "lord of the seas," Thalassomedon was a large sea monster with a very long neck. It also had a special means of catching fish: It carried stones in its stomach! These helped keep the largest part of its body  and tail down in the dark water. Meanwhile, its long neck slowly rose up toward the fish. The fish didn't have a chance to get away from Thalassomedon. They didn't see the sea monster until it was too late!
The word “these” refers to_____.
A.fish
B.stones
C.ways to catch fish
D.parts of its body

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
The handling and delivery of mail has always been a serious business, underpinned by the trust of the public in requiring timeliness, safety, and confidentiality. After early beginnings using horseback and stagecoach, and although cars and trucks later replaced stagecoaches and wagons, the Railway Mail Service still stands as one of America’s most resourceful and exciting postal innovations. This service began in 1832, but grew slowly until the Civil War. Then from 1862, by sorting the mail on board moving trains, the Post Office Department was able to decentralize its operations as railroads began to crisscross the nation on a regular basis, and speed up mail delivery. This service lasted until 1974. During peak decades of service, railway mail clerks handled 93% of all non-local mail and by 1905 the service had over 12,000 employees.Railway Post Office trains used a system of mail cranes to exchange mail at stations without stopping. As a train approached the crane, a clerk prepared the catcher arm which would then snatch the incoming mailbag in the blink of an eye. The clerk then booted out the outgoing mailbag. Experienced clerks were considered the elite of the Postal Service’s employees, and spoke with pride of making the switch at night with nothing but the curves and feel of the track to warn them of an upcoming catch. They also worked under the greatest pressure and their jobs were considered to be exhausting and dangerous. In addition to regular demands of their jobs they could find themselves the victims of train wrecks and robberies.As successful as it was, “mail-on-the-fly” still had its share of glitches. If they hoisted the train’s catcher arm too soon, they risked hitting switch targets, telegraph poles or semaphores, which would rip the catcher arm off the train. Too late, and they would miss an exchange.

What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.A. How the mail cranes exchanged the mail.
B.B. Improvements in mail handling and delivery.
C.C. How Post Office Trains handled the mail without stopping.
D.D. The skills of experienced clerks.