Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Some morden music makes me feel my .................. .
A.shape          
B.ache       
C.illness      
D.age

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Nothing in the history of modern astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.
A black hole is very simple in structure: it has s surface – the event horizon – and a centre – the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a large star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon – an artificial boundary in space that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.
For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle – the resistance between the molecular particles within the star as they are compressed – will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the star’s own mass. The star’s increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse it on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point – a point of infinite density and zero volume – the singularity.
The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps into a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a different kind of hole – a profound disturbance in space –time, a region where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any objects falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter; the more matter that is poured into a black hole, the bigger it gets.
What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed singularity. Theoretically, any astronauts who managed to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.
Inside a black hole, space and time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense that we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon – as measured by someone falling in – is proportional to the mass of the black hole.
The only way that astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if they tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster once they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they had reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.
The word runaway in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A.Frequent
B.Long-term
C.Uncontrolled
D.Slow-paced

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Nothing in the history of modern astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.
A black hole is very simple in structure: it has s surface – the event horizon – and a centre – the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a large star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon – an artificial boundary in space that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.
For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle – the resistance between the molecular particles within the star as they are compressed – will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the star’s own mass. The star’s increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse it on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point – a point of infinite density and zero volume – the singularity.
The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps into a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a different kind of hole – a profound disturbance in space –time, a region where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any objects falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter; the more matter that is poured into a black hole, the bigger it gets.
What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed singularity. Theoretically, any astronauts who managed to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.
Inside a black hole, space and time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense that we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon – as measured by someone falling in – is proportional to the mass of the black hole.
The only way that astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if they tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster once they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they had reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.
the opposing force between the molecular particles inside a star is called
A.General relativity
B.The exclusion principle
C.Infinite density         
D.The singularity

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Nothing in the history of modern astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.
A black hole is very simple in structure: it has s surface – the event horizon – and a centre – the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a large star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon – an artificial boundary in space that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.
For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle – the resistance between the molecular particles within the star as they are compressed – will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the star’s own mass. The star’s increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse it on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point – a point of infinite density and zero volume – the singularity.
The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps into a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a different kind of hole – a profound disturbance in space –time, a region where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any objects falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter; the more matter that is poured into a black hole, the bigger it gets.
What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed singularity. Theoretically, any astronauts who managed to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.
Inside a black hole, space and time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense that we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon – as measured by someone falling in – is proportional to the mass of the black hole.
The only way that astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if they tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster once they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they had reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.
What happens to an object that falls within the event horizon of a black hole?
A.The object changes shape until it is spherical
B.The object is pushed from the hole at the speed of light.
C.The object cannot escape the black hole’s gravity.
D.The object explodes into particles that drift into space.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Nothing in the history of modern astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.
A black hole is very simple in structure: it has s surface – the event horizon – and a centre – the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a large star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon – an artificial boundary in space that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.
For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle – the resistance between the molecular particles within the star as they are compressed – will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the star’s own mass. The star’s increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse it on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point – a point of infinite density and zero volume – the singularity.
The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps into a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a different kind of hole – a profound disturbance in space –time, a region where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any objects falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter; the more matter that is poured into a black hole, the bigger it gets.
What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed singularity. Theoretically, any astronauts who managed to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.
Inside a black hole, space and time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense that we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon – as measured by someone falling in – is proportional to the mass of the black hole.
The only way that astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if they tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster once they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they had reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.
The word "fodder" in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to
A.material
B.stories
C.support
D.problems

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S. government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in working order.
            Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being competed and licensed at a cost of almost $16 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.
            Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down
By 1975, how many plants were fully operational and were under stages of planning and construction?
A.54
B.167
C.221
D.102

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S. government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in working order.
            Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being competed and licensed at a cost of almost $16 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.
            Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down
The author of the passage implies that the issue of finding adequate sources of fuel and power for the future
A.has long been ignored by shortsighted government authorities
B.may be condoned by vacillating officials
C.has lost its pertinence in light of new discoveries
D.has not yet been satisfactorily resolved

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S. government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in working order.
            Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being competed and licensed at a cost of almost $16 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.
            Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A.The exposition of the public opinion polls on nuclear power
B.A narration of power-source deliberation in nuclear power plants
C.Causal connections in the government’s position on nuclear power
D.Point and counterpoint in the nuclear power debate

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S. government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in working order.
            Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being competed and licensed at a cost of almost $16 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.
            Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down
The author of the passage implies that the construction of new nuclear power plants
A.is continuing on a smaller scale
B.is being geared for greater safety
C.has been completely halted for fear of disaster
D.has been decelerated but not terminated

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S. government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in working order.
            Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being competed and licensed at a cost of almost $16 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.
            Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down
It can be inferred from the passage that government officials made a critical error in judgment by
A.disregarding the low utility of nuclear power plants
B.relying on inferior materials and faulty plant design
C.overlooking the possibility of a meltdown, however remote
D.locating installations in densely wooded areas