Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
It can be interred from the passage that fibroblast cells __________
A.disfuncition in the aging process of the body ‘s immune system
B.are not a focus in cellular research on aging
C.are similar to cancer cells in rate of division
D.divide fewer times at later stages in human life

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
The word “ culture” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________
A.libraries
B.a society ‘s traditions and values
C.a special environment
D.a toxic substance

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
The author of the article points out that cancer cells __________
A.divide infinitely
B.divide and then die
C.divide more in adults than in embryos
D.bring on aging

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
The word “ vein” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________
A.part of the body
B.point of view
C.blood vessel
D.cellular level

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
In paragraph 1, the word “evidence” refers to ____________
A.evidence of aging
B.evidence of cancer
C.evidence of human fibroblasts
D.evidence of cell division

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
The author believes the theories of aging are _________
A.well – supported hypotheses
B.poorly supported hypotheses
C.proven theories
D.interesting ideas

_____ (40)
A.end
B.last
C.addition
D.conclusion

Some insects bear a remarkable resemblance to dead twigs, being long, slenderness, wingless , and brownish in color.
A. Some insects      
B.being    
C.slenderness
D. in color

On the way back home from the library, we saw two of our classmates to cycle side by side.
A. On the way 
B.two of     
C.to cycle 
D.side by side

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body ‘s organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characterisitics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and the die. Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell ‘s genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell ‘s genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell ‘s environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person ‘s status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occurs. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person ‘s appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person ‘s appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
 
As explained in this passage, the theory of aging whichs examines the cellular level would NOT assign which of the following as a cause of aging?
A.Mutation
B.Failure of the body ‘s organ system
C.Loss of genetic material
D.Chemical damage from the environment