Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.
Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.
Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.
Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.
The phrase impinge upon in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.prohibit
B.intrude
C.improve
D.vary

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.
Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.
Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.
Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.
What does the author say about speech?
A.It is the only true form of communication
B.It is necessary for communication to occur
C.It is the most advanced form of communication
D.It is dependent upon the advances made by inventors

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.
Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.
Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.
Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Communication
B.Signs and Signals
C.Speech
D.Gestures

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. 
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.
(10)
A.for
B.with
C.on
D.in

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. 
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.
(9)
A.necessary
B.major
C.primary
D.critical

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. 
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.
(8)
A.seriously
B.excessively
C.vitally
D.increasingly

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. 
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.
(7)
A.able
B.capable
C.needed
D.ordered

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. 
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.
(6)
A.reach
B. acquire
C.construct
D.require

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
      Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
      There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.
     When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.
     When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.
      Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.
     The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.
Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?
A.Cues help people to recognize information.
B.A memory is kept alive through constant repetition.
C.The working memory is the same as the short term memory.
D.Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
      Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
      There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.
     When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.
     When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.
      Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.
     The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.
The word elaborate in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_____.
A.pretty
B.regular
C.complex
D.efficient