Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
   Aspirin's origins go back at least as early as 1758. In that year, Englishman Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree. To Stone, this particular bark seemed to have much in common with "Peruvian Bark", which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to bring down fevers and to treat malaria. Stone decided to test the effectiveness of the willow bark. He obtained some, pulverized it into tiny pieces, and conducted experiments on its properties. His tests demonstrated that this pulverized willow bark was effective both in reducing high temperatures and in relieving aches and pains. In 1763, Stone presented his findings to the British Royal Society.
       Several decades later, further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark were being conducted by two Italian scientists. These chemists, Brugnatelli and Fontana, determined that the active chemical that was responsible for the medicinal characteristics in the willow bark was the chemical salicin, which is the active ingredient of today's aspirin.
       The name "aspirin" is the trade name of the drug based on the chemical salicin, properly known as acetylsalicylic acid. The trade name "aspirin" was invented for the drug in the 1890s by the Bayer Drug Company in Germany. The first bottles of aspirin actually went on sale to the public just prior to the turn of the century, in 1899.
According to the passage, aspirin originated
A.no earlier than 1758.   
B.no later than 1758.
C.definitely sometime in 1758.      
D.sometime after 1758.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions .
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of  industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution.
The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal. Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century - always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs.
The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe - most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market”.
The word “themselves” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A.sources    
B.centers
C.railroads           
D.places

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions .
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of  industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution.
The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal. Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century - always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs.
The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe - most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market”.
According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that__________.
A.they connected important industrial cities
B.they were necessary to the industrialization process.
C.they were expanded in a short time.
D.they used relatively small quantities of natural resources.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best option for each answer.
What do you like doing best (29) _______ your free time? My cousin Paul likes going (30) _______ in the country and (31) ________ photos. Sometimes, he goes out with his friends, and they have fun at the park or at the beach. They always (32) ________ a good time. His brother, Chris isn’t (33) ________ on walking. He spends most of the time at home.
(30)
A.to walk           
B.for walks
C.walks  
D.a walk

Choose the best answer from the four options given (marked A, B,C, or D) to complete each sentence.
_________Friday morning, there is a meeting between 11am and 1 pm.
A.In
B.For
C.At
D.On

Choose the word which has different stress pattern from the others.

A.baby 
B.decline   
C.money 
D.system

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences.
Look at these big black clouds! It is going to raining.
A.at
B.clouds
C.is
D.raining

Read the passage and fill in the numbered blanks to complete it.
The Healthy Eating Pyramid is a simple, reliable guide to choosing a healthy diet. Its foundation is (1)______ exercise and weight control, since these two related elements strongly influence your chances of staying healthy. The Healthy Eating Pyramid builds from there, showing that you should eat (2)______ foods from bottom part of the pyramid (vegetables, whole grains) and fewer from the top (red meat, refined grains, potatoes, sugary drinks, and salt). When it’s dining time, fill half your plate with vegetables, the more varied the better, and fruits. Save a quarter of your plate for whole grains. Fish, poultry, beans, or nuts, can make (3)______  the rest. Healthy oils like olive and canola are advised in cooking, on salad, and at the table. Complete your meal with a cup of water, or if you like, (4)______   or coffee with little or no sugar. Staying active is half of the secret to weight control, the other half is a healthy diet that makes your calorie needs- so be sure you choose a plate that is not too large.
(3)_____
A.on    
B.for 
C.up
D.of

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

A.breadwinner   
B.heavy  
C.break
D.instead

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
In the past, the trip was very rough and often dangerous, but things _______ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.
A.change        
B.will change   
C.changed  
D.have changed