A.persuade
B. innovation
C.replace
D. profitable

Exercise 7. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrases that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Parents and teachers are alwaysmaking (31)  between the time when they were children and the present generation . They say everything was better than it is today, especially ineducation. (32)              , they say they used to work much harder in school, and that nowadays, we aren’t very interested. I disagree, because we spend hours every day doing homework after our lessonsor (33)      for exammination. Iwonder (34)                        our parents really had to study somuch after school every day. In my opinion, it is no exaggeration to say we have forgotten how to play. I think one reason whykids (35)    in class is because they need to get rid ofstress.
(32) 
A.As a result  
B.Therefore                
C.For example  
D.Nevertheless

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Mike became a father. He felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
A.Were Mike to become a father himself, he would feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
B.Only after Mike had become a father himself did he feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. 
C.Had Mike become a father himself, he would have felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. 
D.Not until he felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents did Mike become a father himself.

Bob's been _________ work for six months now.
A.on
B.out of
C.over
D.under

Exercise 6. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
         According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may be recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually (26) ______ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
       (27) ______ of the common belief that leaders are people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have (28) ______ common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
       Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are (29) ______ two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership (30) ______ emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s members.
(30)
A.which   
B.who                        
C.what                       
D.those

Exercise 6. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
         According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may be recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually (26) ______ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
       (27) ______ of the common belief that leaders are people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have (28) ______ common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
       Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are (29) ______ two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership (30) ______ emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s members.
(28) 
A.on         
B.in                            
C.by                           
D.at

Exercise 5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.
Many American customs will surprise you; the same thing happens to us when we (21)_______ another country. People from various cultures handle many small daily things differently. What a dull world it (22)_______ be if this were not true! Some differences are minor, and people soon become accustomed to them. At (23)_______ , for example, some foreign women may be startled at the idea of (24)_______ their hair cut or styled by men. Visitors maybe amazed to see men wearing wigs. People may find the transitory quality of much American life odd, for example, one (25)_______ rent art by the week or the entire furnishings of an apartment, from sofa and bed to the last spoon, on less than eight hours’ notice. “Package” living is part of today’s American scene.
(24) 
A.showing                                    
B.giving                     
C.taking                     
D.having

Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 20.
If women choose to pursue a career once they have children, they often miss out on a close relationship with children. Helen Jamieson is a mother of three who has given up work to look after her children (16)_____. She strongly believes that women are pressurized to do too much, (17)_____ themselves to the absolute limit. In her own case, after six years of paid employment, Helen finally decided to call it a day. She says she initially found it hard to be at home, though she never misses the job itself. She admits that if she had had a brilliant career to begin (18) _____, she might feel differently now. Financially, she is no worse off (19)_____ before, as the cost of childcare and commuting exceeded her actual income. (20) _____ the government starts to give other tax incentives to working parents, she says she will not return to the workplace until her children are grown up.
(18) 
A.with                                    
B.as                            
C.to                            
D.at

Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.
Water is necessary for life. People can live only a few days (11)_____  it. Yet nearly 25 million people die each year because of it. Both industrial nations and less-developed countries are worried about the (12)______ and quantity of water in the world.
Even though people, animals, agriculture, and industry use a lot of water, there is more than enough on the Earth. Water covers about three-fourths of the Earth's surface. However, 97.4 percent of it is salt water. Three-fourths of the Earth's fresh water is frozen in glaciers and in the great polar ice caps. Most of the water we use (13)_____ from rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere. Less than one percent of the Earth's water is usable, and we use it over and over again.
One of the (14)______ about water is distribution. Water is not always distributed where the large (15)______ centers are. Some regions get enough rain, but it is all in one or two short rainy seasons.
(12) 
A.quality                    
B.condition                 
C.situation                  
D.characteristics

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks from 41 to 45.
The United States has many different types of families. While most American families are traditional, (41)_            a father, mother and one or more children, 22 percent of all American families in 1998 were headed by one parent, usually a woman. In a few families in the United States, there are no children. These childish couples may believe that they would not make good parents; they may want freedom from the (42)           of childbearing; or, perhaps they (43)            physically able to have children. Other families in the United States have one adult (44)                a stepparent. A stepmother or stepfather is a person who joins a family by marrying a father ormother
Americans tolerate and accept these different types of families. In the United States, people have the right to privacy and Americans do not believe in telling other Americans what type of family group they must belong to. They respect  each  other’s  (45)_          _  regarding family groups. Families are very important to Americans.
(41) 
A.consisting               
B.consisting of  
C.consist of      
D.including of