According to the passage, photography has come to be recognized as an art form since            .
A.Americans started appreciating the beauty of  nature
B.several famous books on photography were  published
C.American colleges began offering courses on  photography
D.one talented photographer emerged

What can we infer about photographers before Adams'  time?
A.They were often musicians as well.          
B.They were not considered artists.
C.They did not worry about conservation.   
D.They had never taken photos of nature.

What is the purpose of the paragraph 1?
A.To describe the uses of costume.      
B.To contrast costume with the clothing.
C.To trade the origins of costume.        
D.To point out that clothing developed before  costume.

According to the passage, what causes the unique color and look of   hummingbirds?
A.The color of the feathers.              
B.The structure of the feathers as well as  pigmentation.
C.The rapidity of flight.
D.The pigmentation of the body.

The pronoun ''they" in paragraph 2  refers to                        .
A.possibilities for genetic deficiencies   
B.cases of genetic deficiencies
C.discoveries concerning hereditary  mechanisms
D.effects of genetic engineering misuse

Which of the following is the main topic of the  passage?
A.Standard speech     
B.Idiomatic phrases
C.Dictionary usage             
D.Different types of vocabulary

Why does the author believe that the Mandans were skilled  farmers?
A.They developed effective fertilizers.
B.They developed new varieties of corn.
C.They could grow crops despite adverse  weather.
D.They could grow crops in most types of  soil.

The passage implies that Melville stayed in  Tahiti because                   .
A.he had unofficially left his ship         
B.he was on leave while his ship was in port
C.he had finished his term of duty    
D.he had received permission to take a vacation in  Tahiti

Which of the following could best replace the word  “somewhat”?
A.in fact     
B.a little       
C.indefinitely
D.a lot

What is the main purpose of the  passage?
A.To introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol  level.
B.To make people know about the relationship between eggs and  cholesterol.
C.To persuade people that eggs are unhealthy and should not be  eaten.
D.To convince people to eat “designer” eggs and egg  substitutes.