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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Writing is arguably the most important invention in human history. The opportunity for human knowledge to build on other knowledge is severely limited without the medium of writing. Not only does writing allow a permanence to human thought but also a complexity and scope to human expression that seem barely possible without it.The earliest known artifacts that could be considered writing by the loosest  definition are the famous and extraordinarily beautiful 20,000-year-old "cave  paintings" in southern France and northern Spain. The pictures, mostly of animals but with some human figures, possibly tell some sort of story or may merely be pictures with expressive, magical, or religious purpose. Other assorted pictures have been found antedating the rise of the great civilizations of the Near East, but the earliest artifacts that are clearly writing date from about only 5,500 years ago inMesopotamia.The earliest system of writing is usually attributed to the Sumerians of Mesopotamia during the end of the fourth millennium b.c. There, officials of such Sumerian city-states as Uruk had developed a system of recording numerals, pictographs, and ideographs on specially prepared clay surfaces.Although the clay blanks used by the Uruk scribes are universally referred to as tablets, a word with the connotation of flatness, they are actually convex. Individual characters were inscribed in the clay by means of a stylus made of wood, bone, or ivory, with one end blunt and the other pointed. The characters were basically of two kinds. Numerical signs were impressed into the clay; all other signs, pictographs, and ideographs alike, were incised with the pointed end of the stylus. The repertory of characters used by the Uruk scribes was large; it is estimated at no fewer than 1,500 separate signs.
Câu 1: This passage mainly discusses......................


A. "cave paintings" as an expressive achievement 


B. the Uruk culture in Mesopotamia 


C. early writing systems 


D. writing instruments of the Uruk scribes
Câu 2: According to the passage, the invention of writing was important for all of the following reasons  EXCEPT...................................


A. it allowed for the development of human knowledge


B. it encouraged complexity of thinking


C. it began in Mesopotamia     


D. it allowed human thought to be permanently recorded
Câu 3: The phrase "attributed to" is closest in meaning to........................


A. blamed on


B. characterized by


C. credited to


D. replaced by
Câu 4: The word "incised" in is closest in meaning to.........................


A. painted                    


B. cut                           


C. erased                     


D. embroidered
Câu 5: Which of the following terms does NOT refer to something on which early writing was inscribed?


A. Clay surfaces  


B. Characters               


C. Clay blanks


D. Tablets
Câu 6: According to the passage, how were pictographs recorded?


A. They were cut into the clay.   


B. They were painted onto the surface.


C. They were pressed into the clay.           


D. They were brushed onto the surface.
Câu 7: The word "repertory" in line 23 is closest in meaning to......................


A. arrangement            


B. composition            


C. understanding          


D. number

A.
B.
C.
D.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.It used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called "energy drinks." These beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired consumer's body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins, chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a person energy.Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person's energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US, cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He says, —It is plausible if you put all these things together, you will get a good result. “However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also have a negative impact on the body. - We just don't know at this point,” he says.             (Source: Reading Challenge 2, Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen, Compass Publishing)
Câu 1: The beverages mentioned in the first paragraph aim to give consumers________.


A. more energy 


B. more choices   


C. caffeine  


D. sugar
Câu 2: The word “it” in the second paragraph refers to________.


A. one example  


B. Red Bull     


C.  the company     


D. thirst quencher
Câu 3: According to the passage, what makes it difficult for researchers to know if an energy drink gives people energy?


A. The number of beverage makers 


B. The number of beverage makers 


C. The mixture of various ingredients    


D. Natural chemicals in a person's body
Câu 4: The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to________.


A.  reasonable  


B. unlikely   


C. typical   


D. impossible
Câu 5: What has Dr. Bauer probably researched?


A.  Vitamins and chemicals in the body   


B. Energy drinks for teenage athletes


C. Countries where Red Bull is popular  


D. Habits of healthy and unhealthy adults
Câu 6: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?


A. Colas have been on the market longer than energy drinks.


B. The makers of Red Bull say that it can a person.


C.  Bauer does not seem to believe the claims of energy drink makers.


D.  It has been scientifically proved that energy drinks work.
Câu 7: What is the main idea of this passage?


A. Teenagers should not choose energy drinks.


B. Caffeine is bad for people to drink.


C. Red Bull is the best energy drink.


D.  it is uncertain whether energy drinks are healthy.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Câu 1: He asked me : “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”


A. He asked me didn’t you come to class the day before.


B. He asked me why I hadn’t come to class yesterday.


C. He asked me why I didn’t come to class the day before.


D. He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the day before.
Câu 2: They say that the visitors were killed by terrorists.


A. The visitors are said that they were killed by terrorists.


B. It is said to have been killed by terrorists.


C. The visitors are said to have killed by terrorists.


D. The visitors are said to have been killed by terrorists.
Câu 3: I haven't gone to the cinema for ten years.


A. It's ten years I haven't gone to the cinema.


B.  I last went to the cinema ten years ago.


C.  It was ten years ago I went to the cinema.


D. The last time I went to the cinema was ten years.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.            In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg or culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain "invisible" aspects of their culture exist.            Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly. These are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as cultural in origin.            Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people's behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.            Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.
Câu 1: What is the main purpose of the passage?


A. To explain the importance of invisible aspects of culture.


B. To describe cultural diversity.


C. To point out that much of culture is learned consciously.  


D. To explain why cross-cultural conflict occurs.
Câu 2: The word “deliberately" in bold in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___.


A. slowly


B. accurately


C. intentionally


D. randomly
Câu 3: The phrase "the tip of the iceberg" in bold in paragraph 1 means that ____.


A. other cultures seem cold to us


B. visible aspects of culture are learned in institutions


C. we usually focus on the highest forms of culture


D. most aspects of culture cannot be seen
Câu 4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of invisible culture?


A. What topics to avoid in conversation


B. What food to eat in a courthouse


C. How late is considered impolite


D. How people express interest in what others are saying
Câu 5: The word “those” in bold in paragraph 2 refer to ______.


A. People from a different culture


B. invisible cultural assumptions


C. people who speak a different language


D. topics that should be avoided
Câu 6: It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that conflict results when _______.


A. people think that cultural differences are personal.


B. people compete with those from other culture.


C. one culture is more invisible than another culture.           


D. some people recognize more culture differences than others.
Câu 7: The author implies that institutions such as schools and workplaces _______.


A. are aware of cultural differences


B. teach their employees about cultural differences


C. reinforce invisible cultural differences


D. share a common culture
Câu 8: Which of the following would most likely result in misunderstanding?


A. Learning culture about our own culture in school


B. Unusual food being cooked by foreign visitors


C. Strange behavior from someone speaking a foreign language


D. Strange behavior from someone speaking our language
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A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 
Câu 1: The traffic is so heavy. It will take us at least an hour to get there.


A. Unless the traffic is heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there.


B. As the traffic is so heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there.


C. The traffic was so heavy that it took us an hour to get there.


D. We will spend more than an hour to get there to avoid heavy traffic. 
Câu 2: There were no poor performance. Moreover, that of the Russian dancers was certainly the best.


A. The best performance was the one of the Russians while some of the others were poor.


B. The Russian dancers were well- worth watching but the others weren’t.


C. All the dancers but the Russian performed poorly.


D. They all danced well, but the Russian did the best. 

A.
B.
C.
D.

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