Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question. Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
Câu 1: What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
B. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
C. To offer a brief definition of cooperation
D. To urge readers to cooperate more often
Câu 2: The word “cherished” is closest in meaning to
A. prized
B. agreed on
C. defined
D. set up
Câu 3: The word “fuse” is closest in meaning to
A. react
B. unite
C. evolve
D. explore
Câu 4: Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?
A. It was confined to prehistoric times
B. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.
C. it is an ideal that can never be achieved.
D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.
Câu 5: According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
A. To experience the satisfaction of cooperation
B. To get rewards for themselves
C. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds
D. To defeat a common enemy
Câu 6: Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?
A. A students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
B. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
D. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.
Câu 7: Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?
A. Tertiary cooperation
B. Accommodation
C. Latent conflict
D. Antagonistic cooperation
Câu 8: The word “fragile” is closest in meaning to
A. inefficient
B. easily broken
C. poorly planned
D. involuntary
Câu 9: As used throughout the passage the term “common” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. ordinary
B. shared
C. vulgar
D. popular
Câu 10: Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?
A. The author describes a concept by analyzing organization its three forms.
B. The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations.
C. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic.
D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion.
024.7300.7989
1800.6947
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 1: What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
B. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
C. To offer a brief definition of cooperation
D. To urge readers to cooperate more often
Câu 2: The word “cherished” is closest in meaning to
A. prized
B. agreed on
C. defined
D. set up
Câu 3: The word “fuse” is closest in meaning to
A. react
B. unite
C. evolve
D. explore
Câu 4: Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?
A. It was confined to prehistoric times
B. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.
C. it is an ideal that can never be achieved.
D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.
Câu 5: According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
A. To experience the satisfaction of cooperation
B. To get rewards for themselves
C. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds
D. To defeat a common enemy
Câu 6: Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?
A. A students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
B. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
D. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.
Câu 7: Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?
A. Tertiary cooperation
B. Accommodation
C. Latent conflict
D. Antagonistic cooperation
Câu 8: The word “fragile” is closest in meaning to
A. inefficient
B. easily broken
C. poorly planned
D. involuntary
Câu 9: As used throughout the passage the term “common” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. ordinary
B. shared
C. vulgar
D. popular
Câu 10: Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?
A. The author describes a concept by analyzing organization its three forms.
B. The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations.
C. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic.
D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion.
024.7300.7989
1800.6947
A.
B.
C.
D.
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