Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheer to indicate the correct answer to each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 38.
Before the 1500's, the western plains of North America were dominated by farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country, primarily in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant fleeting growing seasons. Winter often Tingered, autumn could be ushered in by severe frost. For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the wary grower.
Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize capable of weathering adversity. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring, clearing the land, using fire to clear stubble from the fields and then planting. From this point until the first green corn could be harvested, the crop required labor and vigilance
In August the Mandans picked a smaller amount of the crop before it had matured fully. This green com was boiled, dried and shelled, with some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the rest stored in animal skin bags. Later in the fall, the people picked the rest of the corn. They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the remainder eaten right away or stored for later use in underground reserves. With appropriate banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompany hunger
The woman planted another staple, squash, about the first of June, and harvested it near the time of the green com harvest. After they picked it, they sliced it, dried it, and strung the slices before they stored them. Once again, they saved the seeds from the best of the year's crop. The Mandans also grew sunflowers and tobacco: the latter was the particular task of the older men.
The word “them” in the last paragraph refers to _________ .




A.women
B.seeds
C.slices
D.the Mandans

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Two students are talking about the school curriculum.
- Ted: "Swimming should be made part of the school curriculum."
- Kate: “_________. It is an essential life skill."




A.You can make it
B.Oh, that's a problem
C.I can't agree with you more
D.Not at all

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheer to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Ensure there is at least a 3cm space ______ allow adequate ventilation.




A.in a view of
B.so as to
C.so that
D.with a view to

After he had had his breakfast, he (go)......... to school.




A.had gone
B.went
C.goes
D.would have gone

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.
The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called "the vitamin period. " Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.
In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.
The word “reckless” is closest in meaning to _______.




A.informative
B.recorded
C.irresponsible
D.urgent

We can infer from the passage that _________.




A.living things adjust to their environment
B.desert life is colorful and diverse
C.water is the basis of desert life
D.healthy animals live longer lives

Read the following text then answer the questions that followed by circling its corresponding letter marked A, B, C or D from 38 to 42.
Sometimes you know things about people the first time you see them, for example, that you want to be friends with them or that you don’t trust them. But perhaps this kind of intuition isn’t as hard to explain as it may seem. For instance, people give out their body language signals all the time. The way you hold your body, head and arms tells people about your mood. If you hold your arms tightly at your sides, or fold them across your chest, people will generally feel that you are being defensive. Holding your head to one side shows interest in the other, while an easy, open posture indicates that you are self-confident. All this affects the way you feel about someone.
Also, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone. This may be because of something as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly. Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child. Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening.
What one feels about a stranger may be influenced by something that___________.




A.revives one’s past memories
B.points to one’s childhood
C.strengthen one’s past behaviors
D.reminds one of one’s past treatment

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.




A.Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
B.Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back.
C.She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.
D.As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
My grandfather used to say that leaving the past behind was the best way to come over sorrow.




A.leaving the past
B.come
C.used to say
D.the best way

Choose one word whose stress pattern is different. Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.




A.affection
B.personify
C.generate
D.encourage