Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
They _____ be away for the weekend but I am not sure.




A.needn’t
B.should not
C.must
D.might

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I _____ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt.




A.would
B.could
C.must
D.had to

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Originally, the first European colleges consisted of groups of individuals ______ joined their efforts to study sciences, medicine, and law.




A.who lived together and
B.whose life together so
C.living together and
D.so as to live together and

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Hector has been ______ of murdering the Japanese visitor.




A.blamed
B.charged
C.accused
D.arrested

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 33 to 35.
One of the keys to the survival of animals is its ability to adapt to changes in the environment.




A.the keys
B.animals
C.adapt to
D.its ability

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 11 to 24.
The old man is of walking 100 meters by himself.




A.inexperienced
B.incapable
C.unable
D.immature

It’s not difficult to make bread. (EASY)




A.Bread is easy to have been made.
B.Bread is easy to being made.
C.Bread is easy to be made.
D.Bread is easy to make.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
A public spending programme is out of the question in the current economical climate.




A.spending
B.is
C.the
D.economical

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
. Lora is talking to Maria about her failure at applying for a job.
- Lora: “__________” - Maria: “Never mind, better luck next time”




A.I have a lot on my mind.
B.I’ve broken your precious vase.
C.I couldn’t keep my mind on work.
D.I didn’t get the vacant position.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species. An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty. The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and literature of every culture, attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups. According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world.
Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self-interest. By preserving all species, we retain a balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind. Recent research on global ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species. Some advocates of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human beings. If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us.
Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint stated in the United Nations World Charter for Nature, created in 1982. Furthermore, if humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the continued existence of all species. Moral justification has been extended by a movement called "deep ecology", the members of which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective. To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made for the biosphere, not for people.
(Source: Adapted from Reading Practice for the TOEFL)
The author mentions all the following as justifications for the protection of endangered species EXCEPT ________.




A.the right to life implied by their existence
B.the intrinsic value of the beauty of nature
C.the control of pollution in the biosphere
D.the natural compounds needed for medicines