c,
$(1) CH_4 \to C_2H_2 (LLN, 1500°C)$
$(2) C_2H_2 \to CH=CH-CH=CH_2 (xt, t°)$
$(3) CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2 + H_2 \to CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2 (Pd/PbCO_3,t°)$
$(4) CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2 + 2H_2 \to CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 (Ni,t°)$
$(5) CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 \to CH_4 + C_3H_6 (cracking)$
$(6) CH_2=CH-CH_3 + KMnO_4 + H_2O \to HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH + MnO_4 \downarrow + KOH$
2.
*$C_5H_{12}$:
$(1) CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3: pentan$
$(2) CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3:
2-metyl butan$
$(3) CH_3-C(CH_3)_2-CH_3 :
2,2-đimetyl propan$
* $C_8H_{10}$ : (xem hình)
* $C_5H_8$:
$(1) C\equiv C-C-C-C: pen-1-in$
$(2) CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3: pen-2-in$
$(3) CH_3-CH(CH_3)-C\equiv CH: 3-metylbut-1-in$
*$C_4H_8:$
$(1) CH_2=CH-CH_2-CH_3: but-1-en$
$(2) CH_3-CH=C-CH_3 : but-2-en$
$(3) CH_2=C(CH_3)-CH_3 : 2-metylprop-1-en$
*$C_4H_8O_2$:
$(1) H-COO-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3$
$(2) H-COO-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3$
$(3) CH_2-COO-CH_2-CH_3$
$(4) CH_3-CH_2-COO-CH_3$
3.
a, $H_2$:
$CH_3-CHO + H_2 \to C_2H_5O (Ni, t°)$
b, $Na$:
$C_2H_5OH + Na \to C_2H_5-ONa + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2 \uparrow$
$C_6H_5OH + Na \to C_6H_5ONa + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow$
$CH_3COOH + Na \to CH_3COONa + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow$
c, $C_6H_5OH + NaOH \to C_6H_5ONa + H_2O$
$CH_3COOH + NaOH \to CH_3COOHNa + H_2O$
d,
$C_2H_5OH +CuO \to CH_3CHO + H_2O + Cu (t°)$
