What is the main idea of this passage?




A.Animals cannot "count" more than one kind of object.
B.Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count.
C.Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.
D.Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers

Their classmates are writing letters of acceptance.




A.confirmation
B.agree
C.admission
D.refusal

Arthur assured me that he was going to come, but he hasn't _______ yet.




A.turned on
B.turned in
C.turned up
D.turned round

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

LIVING A HEALTHIER LIFE

Keeping fit and healthy may seem difficult, but there are a few easy-to-follow guidlines. Firstly, a balanced diet is absolutely essential. This (51)…….selecting food that is (52)…….in salt and sugar. Experts recommend reducing the amount of fat in your diet, as too much can lead to heart problems. They also suggest increasing the (53)………..of high fiber food we eat. This comes in the (54)……….of fresh fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and pasta. As well as being packed (55)................ vitamins and minerals, they are delicious too. Secondly, it’s important to fit exercise into your daily (66)……… This can be done by simply walking as much as possible and climbing stairs instead of (57)………..the lift. Exercise is necessary to maintain a healthy body, as well as increasing energy levels and (58)………you feel generally fitter and happier. Finally, staying relaxed is important for good health. Too much stress can (59)……..to a variety of illnesses, from headaches to high blood pressure. (60)………possible, do things you enjoy and treat yourself occasionally. So the message is simple- enjoy yourself but learn to respect your body too. It’s all a question of getting the balance right.




A.contains
B.means
C.points
D.suggests

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the question from 41 to 50.

ACID DUST

“ Calcite- containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle – calcium nitrate,” said Alexander Laskin, a senior research scientist at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles . Due to this , climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry . Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel , where scientists collected particles for analysis.
Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel. The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo. They analyzed nearly 2,00 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Sciences Laboratory.
A key change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they begin to absorb water and retain the moisture. These wet particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new wild card to deal with . Companion studies of dust samples from the Sahara and the Saudi coast and loess from China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral , the more reactive they are in with nitric acid .And once the particle is changed, it stays that way.
“When dust storms kick up these particles and they enter polluted areas, the particles change,” Laskin said. “ To what extent this is happening globally, as more of the world becomes industrialized, we don’t know. But now e have the laboratory and field evidence that shows it is definitely happening. The story is much more complicated than anybody thought .”
In the third paragraph , what does the term “ wild card ” mean ?




A.An unknown card in a card game.
B.An unknown item in the scientists’ calculations
C.A large amount of acid dust.
D.A,B and C are incorrect .

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the question from 41 to 50.

ACID DUST

“ Calcite- containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle – calcium nitrate,” said Alexander Laskin, a senior research scientist at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles . Due to this , climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry . Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel , where scientists collected particles for analysis.
Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel. The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo. They analyzed nearly 2,00 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Sciences Laboratory.
A key change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they begin to absorb water and retain the moisture. These wet particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new wild card to deal with . Companion studies of dust samples from the Sahara and the Saudi coast and loess from China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral , the more reactive they are in with nitric acid .And once the particle is changed, it stays that way.
“When dust storms kick up these particles and they enter polluted areas, the particles change,” Laskin said. “ To what extent this is happening globally, as more of the world becomes industrialized, we don’t know. But now e have the laboratory and field evidence that shows it is definitely happening. The story is much more complicated than anybody thought .”
Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate ?




A.To give background information so the reader can understand the topic better.
B.Because calcium nitrate is the main idea.
C.They show how elements combine to create calcium nitrate .
D.To prove the existence of calcium nitrate

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
The manager told me you could give me an information about the new toys you will be selling in the new year.




A.The manager
B.an information
C.new toys
D.in the new year

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
Swallows are among the most agile passerinebirds.




A.idle
B.swift
C.fragile
D.slow

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I used to live in a village .............. people had a close relation to one another.




A.which
B.where
C.which in
D.in that

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The criminal was sentenced to death because of _____ of his crime.




A.the complexity
B.the severity
C.the importance
D.a punishment