1.
$C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow{\text{men rượu}}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2$
$CO_2+KOH\xrightarrow{}KHCO_3$ (1)
$CO_2+2KOH\xrightarrow{}K_2CO_3+H_2O$ (2)
$C_2H_5OH+K\xrightarrow{}C_2H_5OK+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2$(3)
$C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O$
$CH_3COOH+KOH\xrightarrow{}CH_3COOK+H_2O$(4)
$(1)(2)(3)(4)$ đều là 4 muối của Kali chứa C.
2.
$C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow{\text{men rượu}}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2$
$2C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow{140^oC, H_2SO_4 \text{ loãng}}C_2H_5OC_2H_5+H_2O$
( $\text{tên ete: đietyl ete}$)
$C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O$
$CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇆CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O$( đk: $H_2SO_4$ đặc, $t^o$)
$\text{tên este: etyl axetat}$