A.omission
B.advertisement
C.recommendation
D.accomplishment

_________(20)




A.because
B.when
C.since
D.while

According to the passage, why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?




A.The swamp environment reduced the amount of bacterial decay
B.Swamp waters contained higher amounts of materials such as calcium carbonate.
C.There were fewer sediments in swamps than in other bodies of water
D.Swamp vegetation accelerated the decomposition of organisms

The best fossils are those____




A.consist of Calcite and aragonite
B.from hard parts of animals or plants
C.still in the shape of the original animal or plant
D.animals or plants common for fossilization

______ (28)




A.had better
B.may
C.have to
D.should

Somebody repaired her bicycle last week.




A.She had her bicycle repair last week.
B.She had her bicycle to repair last week.
C.She had to repair her bicycle last week.
D.She had her bicycle repaired last week.

Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence.
After seeing a movie based on a novel,




A.the book was read by many people
B.the book made many people want to read it
C.many people wanted to read the book
D.many movies were more popular than the novels people read.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
The future of the African elephant depends on man. No (61)…………… can human beings and wild animals live in harmony throughout vast area of the continent as was possible in days gone by, (62)……… man’s needs have increased as well as his numbers. There are regions, such as the Congo forests and the equatorial Sudan, (63)…………. the old relationship may remain for a few more years or even generations, but in general it has gone. Conservation, if it is to be effective, should be a positive, constructive policy, and it is wishful thinking to imagine otherwise, (64)………. in the case of the elephant. And this is not yet true of the whole of Africa, it soon will be, for the (65)……… in the human population is almost universal. Where human beings and wild animals find themselves in competition with each other, the animals will (66)…… Even if there appears to be enough room for both, man will not (67)…… long a situation in which elephants and other (68)……….. make even occasional raids on his fields of food or economic crops. For many years this has been a major cause of (69)…… interests and one of the reasons why so many elephants have been shot to control their (70)………




A.for
B.although
C.but
D.and

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?




A.A students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
B.A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
C.Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
D.Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?




A.To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
B.To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
C.To offer a brief definition of cooperation
D.To urge readers to cooperate more often