a) 27 – 3(x + 2) = 6
=> 27-6=3(x+2)
=>21=3(x+2)
=>x+2=7
=>x=5
b) 2x – 138 = 2^3. 3^2
2x-138=8.9=72
=>2x=72+138=210
=>x=105
c) 2. 3^x – 5 = 7^2
=>2.3^x-5=49
=>2.3^x=49+5=54
=>3^x=54:2=27
=>3^x=3^3
=>x=3
d) 7x - 3^3 = 2^7 : 2^4
=>7x-27=2^3=8
=>7x=8+27=35
=>x=35:7=5
e) 9^(x-1) = 9
=>9^(x-1)=9^1
=>x-1=1
=>x=2
f) (6x – 18) : 3 + 25 . 2 = 78
=>(6x-18):3+50=78
=>(6x-18):3=78-50=28
=>6x-18=28.3=84
=>6x=84+18=102
=>x=102/6=17
g) 3^(x+1) + 5.3^(x+2) = 144
=>3^x.3+5.3^x.3^2=144
=>3^x(3+5+3^2)=144
=>3^x.17
h) x⋮ 8; x⋮ 10; x⋮ 12 và 450 < x < 500
Ta có: x⋮8, x⋮10, x⋮12=> x∈BC(8,10,12)
=>x∈{120;240;360;480;600;...}
=>x=480
i) 72 ⋮ x; 60 ⋮ x và x > 6
Ta có: 72⋮ x, 60⋮ x=> x∈ƯC( 72,60)
=>x=12
k) x⋮ 5 và 210 < 7x < 280
Ta có: 210<7x<280
=>30<x<40
x⋮5=> x∈B(5)=> x∈{5;10;15;20;25;...;35;40;...}
=>x=35
l) (x+ 5) ⋮ (x +1)
x+5⋮x+1
=>(x+1)+4⋮x+1
mà x+1⋮ x+1 => 4⋮ x+1
=>x+1∈ Ư(4)
=>x+1∈{1;2;4}
=>x∈{0;1;3}
m) (2x + 15) ⋮ (x + 6)
(2x+15)⋮(x+6)
=>(2x+12)+3⋮x+6
mà 2x+12⋮x+6 => 3⋮x+6
=>x+6∈ Ư(3)
=>x+6∈ {1;3}
=>x∈{-5;-3}
n) (x+ 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + ….. + (x + 2008) = 1010024
=>1004x+(2+4+6+...+2008)=1010024 ( Ta có được 1004x vì có 1004 cặp số hạng)
=>1004x+1009020=1010024
=>1004x=1010024-1009020=1004
=>x=1