a)$\ (5²+3²) .x + (5² - 3² ) .x - 40.x = 10²$
$\ ⇔[(5²+3²).x +(5² - 3² ).x] -40.x =10²$
$\ ⇔ x (5²+ 3²+5² - 3²) - 40.x = 10²$
$\ ⇔50x - 40x = 100$
$\ 10x = 100$
$\ ⇔ x = 10$
$\ Vậy$ $\ x=10$
b)$\ (-x + 821 + 534) = 499+ (x - 84)$
$\ ⇔ -x + 821 + 534 = 499 + x - 84$
$\ ⇔ - x - x = 499- 821 - 534 - 84$
$\ ⇔ - 2x = - 940$
$\ ⇔ x = 470$
$\ Vậy$ $\ x =470$