$1$.
$a$ ) $17-x= -81$
$⇔ x = 17-(-81)$
$⇔ x = 98$
Vậy $x=98$
$b$) $-7.(x-3)=49$
$⇔x-3 = -7$
$⇔ x = -4$
Vậy $x=-4$
$c$) $(13-x)+(5-2x)=21$
$⇔ 13-x + 5 - 2x = 21$
$⇔ -x - 2x = 21 - 5 - 13$
$⇔ -3x = 3$
$⇔ x = -1$
Vậy $x=-1$
$d$) $(12-x) :5=25$
$⇔ 12-x = 125$
$⇔ x = -113$
Vậy $x=-113$
$e$) $41 - 21.x= -22$
$⇔ 21x = 41-(-22)$
$⇔ 21x = 63$
$⇔ x = 3$
Vậy $x=3$
$2$.
`a)-16.(-25).(-12)`
`= -16.(-25).(-4).3`
`= -48 . 100`
`= -4800`
`b)41+42+43+44-21-22-23-24`
`= (41-21)+(42-22)+(43-23)+(44-24)`
`= 20 + 20 + 20 + 20`
`= 20.4`
`= 80`
`c)(57-725)-(605-53)`
`= 57 - 725 - 605 + 53`
`= 57 + 53 - 1330`
`= 110 - 1300`
`= -1220`
`d)(-4).3+4.2-(-12)+8.6`
`= 4.(-3 + 2 + 3 + 12)`
`= 4.14`
`= 56`