Reading the Following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere. Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches ( 2.5 – 5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “ handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the the earthquke is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly about the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Idian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history. ( Source: Solomon Asea)
0Câu 6
Which of the following best states the topic of this text?
A. The magnitude of tsunamis
B.The birth of a tsunami
C.
Series of huge plate on earth.
D. Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean
Câu 7
According to the first paragraph, continents and seafloor are part of ______
A.
huge plates
B.lithosphere
C. plate teconics
D. asthenosphere
Câu 8
The word “ Which” in the passage refers to ____
A. these motion
B.fault lines
C. tsunamis
D.
earthquakes and volcanism
Câu 9
It can be inferred from the passage that the earthquake will never occur when ___
A.
heavier plates and lighter ones break up
B.seismic waves are generated
C. the subduction is evidenced
D. no fault line of plate tectonics happens
Câu 10
The place within the Earth where the first rupture occurs is called____
A. the vocal
B.the epicenter
C. . the focus
D. the center
Câu 11
The word “ tremendous” in the passage is closest meaning to ____
A. remarkable
B.explosive
C. huge
D. challenging
Câu 12
Which of the following nature disasters happening in Indonesia ( in the Indian Ocean) is related to the fault movement of plate tectonics?
A. floods
B.volcanic eruption
C.
soil erosion
D. forest fires
Câu 13
The following is mentioned in the passage about tsunamis, EXCEPT that they are____
A.
related to strong movements of plate tectnonics
B.predictable following any indecence of earthquakes
C. connected to deep ocean trenches along seafloors
D.
close to the rise of sea levels from the sinking plate
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Hóa Học lớp 12
