Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies’ responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the end of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies’ emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, the volume, and melody of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinction between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too; even as young as nine months old they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to convey meaning that it often is for adults.
Notes:
- rattle (danh từ) = cái lúc lắc (đồ chơi trẻ con).
- utterance (danh từ) = lời nói ra, lời phát biểu.
- inflection (danh từ) = (âm nhạc) sự chuyển điệu.
- syntax (danh từ) = (ngồn ngữ học) cú pháp.
- pitch (danh từ) = độ cao thấp (giọng nói, âm thanh...).
- note (động từ) = chú ý, lưu ý, nhận thấy.
0Câu 21
The passage mainly discusses _____
A. the response of babies to sounds other than the human voice
B.how babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds
C. the differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language
D. how babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development
Câu 22
The author mentions a bell and a rattle in paragraph 1 in order to ____
A. give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry
B.give examples of typical toys that babies do not like
C. explain how babies distinguish between nonhuman sounds
D. contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds
Câu 23
The author mentions syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflection in order to ____ .
A. demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions
B.illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences
C. provide an example of ways adults speak to babies
D. give a reason for babies’ difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another
Câu 24
The word “noted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. observed
B.disagreed
C. theorized
D. requested
Câu 25
The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to_______ .
A. mothers
B.words
C. babies
D. investigation
Câu 26
All of the following are mentioned as ways adults use to modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT_______.
A. using meaningless sounds
B.speaking more loudly than normal
C. speaking with shorter sentences
D. giving all words equal emphasis
Câu 27
It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that _____ .
A. the mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak
B.mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways
C. babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language
D. babies ignores facial expressions in comprehending aural language
Câu 28
The point the author makes to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire languages is that____ .
A. babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds
B.babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions
C. babies begin to understand words in songs
D. babies are more sensitive to sounds than adults are
Câu 29
According to the author, babies listen to songs and stories even though they cannot understand them because____.
A. they understand the rhythm
B.they enjoy the sound
C. they focus on the meaning of their parents’ words
D. they can remember them easily
Câu 30
All of the following are true about young babies EXCEPT that they____.
A. use language the way adults do
B.consider language as a source of joy
C. find pleasure from what they hear
D. enjoy listening to music without understanding it
A.
B.
C.
D.
Loga
Hóa Học lớp 12
