Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.
According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move ______.




A.south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations
B.north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations
C.toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations
D.toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Everyone said that they would attend his birthday party, but nobody turned on.




A.they
B.would attend
C.nobody
D.on

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24.
The Rainforest Foundation UK
The Rainforest Foundation is a charity in the UK. It campaigns for the preservation of the world’s rainforests and the rights of the people who live there. There are other Rainforest Foundations in the USA and Norway.
The musician Sting and his wife set up the charity in 1989 after they saw the unacceptable destruction of the Amazon rainforest. Some farmers were wiping out large parts of the forest, which is the home of indigenous people. The Rainforest Foundation thinks that indigenous people are very important to the rainforests, and the charity is going to carry on its work with them in the future.
The Rainforest Foundation has grown over the last twenty years and it now supports projects in different countries including Brazil, Peru, Cameroon and Uganda. Since it first started, the charity has helped local people to protect and save more than 100,000 square kilometers of the rainforest in a number of countries.
Every year, supporters of the charity join in a number of big events to collect money. This year, they're going to run the London Marathon again. If you look at The Rainforest Foundation webpage, you'll find information about their latest events and campaigns. You can also sign up for an email newsletter.
Sting established the foundation with _____.




A.some farmers
B.his wife
C.indigenous people
D.people in the UK

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.




A.interfere
B.habitat
C.industry
D.dedicate

Is Nurse Smith ____________ duty tonight?




A.at
B.in
C.on
D.by

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.




A.maneuver
B.synchronized
C.aquatic
D.distribute

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
John asked me ____ that film the night before.




A.if I had seen
B.had I seen
C.if had I seen
D.that I saw

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
John, whose cough is terrible, needs to see a doctor.




A.John's terrible cough forces him to see a doctor
B.John's doctor does not want to see him because he has a bad cough
C.John needs to see a doctor because of his terrible cough
D.John's terrible cough prevents from seeing a doctor

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
People say that these villagers are hospitable.




A.It was said that these villagers are hospitable.
B.These villagers are hospitable as they say.
C.These villagers are said to be hospitable.
D.It is said that these villagers are not hospitable.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.
The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ______.




A.the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean
B.the decrease of acidity of the pole waters
C.the extinction of species in coastal areas
D.the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth