Lực điện tích 1, 2, 3 tác dụng lên điện tích 4 lần lượt là: \[\begin{array}{l} {F_1} = k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_1}{q_4}} \right|}}{{{a^2}}}\\ {F_2} = k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_2}{q_4}} \right|}}{{2{a^2}}}\\ {F_3} = k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_3}{q_4}} \right|}}{{{a^2}}} \end{array}\] Hợp lực do 1 và 3 tác dụng lên 4 là: \[{F_{13}} = \sqrt {F_1^2 + F_3^2} = k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_4}} \right|}}{{{a^2}}}\sqrt {q_1^2 + q_3^2} \] Do hợp lực tác dụng lên điện tích 4 bằng 0 nên: \[\begin{array}{l} {F_{13}} = {F_2} \Rightarrow k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_4}} \right|}}{{{a^2}}}\sqrt {q_1^2 + q_3^2} = k.\dfrac{{\left| {{q_2}{q_4}} \right|}}{{2{a^2}}}\\ \Rightarrow 2\sqrt {q_1^2 + q_3^2} = \left| {{q_2}} \right|\\ \Rightarrow q_1^2 + q_3^2 = q_2^2 \end{array}\]

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