a) `1-2a+2bc+a^2-b^2-c^2`
`=(a^2-2a+1)-(b^2-2bc+c^2)`
`=(a-1)^2-(b-c)^2`
`=(a-1+b-c)(a-1-b-c)`
b) `-x^3+9x^2-27x+27`
`=-(x^3-3.x^2 .3 + 3.x.3^2 -3^3)`
`=-(x-3)^3`
c) `x^2+4x-y^2+4`
`=(x^2+4x+4)-y^2`
`=(x+2)^2-y^2`
`=(x+2+y)(x+2-y)`
d) `16x^3-54y^3`
`=16(x^3-27/8 y)`
`=16 [x^3 - (3/2y)^3]`
`=16 (x-3/2y)(x^2+3/2 xy +9/4 y^2)`