`a)` `(2x+1)^2-4(x-1)^2`
`=4x^2+4x+1-4(x^2-2x+1)`
`=4x^2+4x+1-4x^2+8x-4`
`=12x-3`
`=3(4x-1)`
`b)` `(2x+y)^2-4x^2+12x-9`
`=(2x+y)^2-(4x^2-12x+9)`
`=(2x+y)^2-(2x-3)^2`
`=[2x+y-(2x-3)].[2x+y+(2x-3)]`
`=(2x+y-2x+3)(2x+y+2x-3)`
`=(y+3)(4x-y-3)`
`c)` `(x+1)^2-4(x+1)y^2+4y^4`
`=(x+1)^2-4y^2(x+1)+4y^4`
`=(x+1-2y^2)^2`