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Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question 
The Celtic languages are a group of languages on northernEuropethat are descendents of the Indo- European family of languages. These languages developed from the language of the Celts, a warlike civilization originating in the eastern part of central Europe, in the northern Alps, and along theDanubeduring the Bronze Age. The Celts reached the height of their civilization during the Iron Age in the last five centuries B.C., and then fanned out from their original homeland into many parts of continental Europe and across the channel and into theBritish Isles. Celtic languages were spoken in much of western Europe during Pre- Roman and Roman times. Places names of Celtic origin can be found today all over British Isles andFrance, in northernSpainandItaly, and inSwitzerlandand parts ofGermany.
Rather than one language, the Celtic languages consists of two distinct clusters: the Gaelic group and the Brythonic group. These two clusters of languages most likely developed from dialects of the same language, the language of the Celts in their original homeland. These two dialects were the most likely mutually intelligible to some degree as late as the fourth century. The Gaelic group of Celtic language consists of Irish, Scottish, and Manx, the language of theIsleMan.The Brythonic group of Celtic languages includes Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Gaulish, the language of Gaul prior to the days of theRoman Empire, with its Latin- speaking population.
Many, though not all, of the Celtic language are either extinct or are on the process of becoming extinct. Gaulish apparently disappeared around 600 A.D. Cornish and Manx both actually became revived and are now taught in a few schools each. Scottish, Irish and Breton are all declining in use. There are under a hundred thousand speakers of Scottish Gaelic, mostly on the northern Hebridean Islands; there are more than a hundred thousand speakers of Irish, mainly in the western counties of Ireland; there are about a half million speakers who use Breton on a daily basis. In all these situations, though, the rate of transmission to new generations is low, and this does not bode well for the survival of these languages. Of all Celtic languages, perhaps only Welsh has a strong hold on the future.
The main idea of the third paragraph is that
A.all Celtic languages are extinct
B.a few Celtic languages disappeared
C.some Celtic languages are flourishing
D.most Celtic languages are either dead or dying
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Read the following the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 38 to 42.
The Red Cross is an international humanitarian agency with national affiliates in almost every country in the world. The Red Cross movement began with the founding of the International Committee for the Relief of (38)______ Wounded in 1863 (now the International Committee of the Red Cross); it was (39) ______ to care for victims of battle (40) ______ wartime, but later national Red Cross societies were created to aid in the prevention and relief of human suffering generally.
Its peacetime activities include first aid, accident prevention, water (41) ______, training of nurses’ aids, maintenance of maternal and child welfare centers and medical clinics, blood banks, and numerous (42) ______ services. The Red Cross is the name used in countries under nominally Christian sponsorship; the Red Crescent (adopted on the insistence of the Ottoman Empire in 1906) is the name used in Muslim countries.
(42) ______
A.the other 
B.another     
C.other 
D.others

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 46.
            Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.
            When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.
            To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.
The word “advantage” in the last paragraph most closely means ______.
A.rudime
B.benefit                                       
C.skill                                     
D.domination

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