a,
$0\le \sin^22x\le 1$
$\to 0\le 3\sin^22x\le 3$
$\to -4\le y\le -1$
Vậy $\min y=-4; \max y=-1$
b,
$0\le \cos^22x\le 1$
$\to 0\le 4\cos^22x\le 4$
$\to 1\le 4\cos^2x+1\le 5$
$\to 1\le y\le \sqrt5$
Vậy $\min y=1; \max y=\sqrt5$
c,
$0\le |\cos3x|\le 1$
$\to 0\le 2|\cos3x|\le 2$
$\to -4\le y\le -2$
Vậy $\min y=-4; \max y=-2$
d,
$0\le |\sin x|\le 1$
$\to -2\le -2|\sin x|\le 0$
$\to 1\le y\le 3$
Vậy $\min y=1; \max y=3$