Đáp án:
$\begin{array}{l}
v)\\
A = \sqrt {4{x^2} - 4x + 1} \\
= \sqrt {{{\left( {2x - 1} \right)}^2}} \\
= \left| {2x - 1} \right|\\
= \left| {2.123456789 - 1} \right|\\
= 246913577\\
x)\\
P = 3p + \sqrt {{p^2} - 2p + 1} \\
= 3p + \sqrt {{{\left( {p - 1} \right)}^2}} \\
= 3p + \left| {p - 1} \right|\\
= \left[ \begin{array}{l}
3p + p - 1 = 4p - 1\left( {khi:p \ge 1} \right)\\
3p + 1 - p = 2p + 1\left( {khi:p < 1} \right)
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}$