$a$) `5x=8y=20z` và `x-y-z=3`
`⇒` `x/8=y/5=z/2`
`⇒` `{x-y-z}/{8-5-2} = 3/1 = 3`
`⇒` $\left\{\begin{matrix}x=24 & \\ y=15& \\ z=6 & \\ \end{matrix}\right.$
Vậy `(x;y;z)=(24;15;6)`
$b$) `x/2 = y/3 = c/4`
`⇒ x/2 = {2y}/6 = {3c}/12`
`⇒` `{x+2y-3c}/{2+6-12} = {-20}/{-4} = 5`
`⇒` $\left\{\begin{matrix}x=10 & \\ y=15& \\ c=20 & \\ \end{matrix}\right.$
Vậy `(x;y;c)=(10;15;20)`