a) \(158-x=-12.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=158-\left(-12\right).\)
\(\Rightarrow x=158+12=170.\)
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b) \(37+x=12.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=12-37.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-25.\)
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c) \(2x-15=-47.\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=-47+15.\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=-32.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{32}{2}=-16.\)
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d) \(\left(-5\right)^2-\left(5x-3\right)=43.\)
\(\Rightarrow25-\left(5x-3\right)=43.\)
\(\Rightarrow5x-3=25-43.\)
\(\Rightarrow5x-3=-18.\)
\(\Rightarrow5x=-18+3.\)
\(\Rightarrow5x=-15.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{15}{5}=3.\)
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e) \(\left|x-1\right|+\left(-5\right)=2.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=2-\left(-5\right).\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=2+5.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=7.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7\\x-1=-7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right..\)
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f) \(\left|x+1\right|=4\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=4\\x+1=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right..\)
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g) \(\left|x\right|=12\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\x=-12\end{matrix}\right..\)
Vậy--..