Giải thích các bước giải:
$\left ( 4 + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{2} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{4} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{16} + 1 \right )$
$= \dfrac{1}{3}\left ( 4 - 1 \right )\left ( 4 + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{2} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{4} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{16} + 1 \right )$
$= \dfrac{1}{3}\left ( 4^{2} - 1 \right )\left ( 4^{2} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{4} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{16} + 1 \right )$
$= \dfrac{1}{3}\left ( 4^{4} - 1 \right )\left ( 4^{4} + 1 \right )\left ( 4^{16} + 1 \right )$
$= \dfrac{1}{3}\left ( 4^{16} - 1 \right )\left ( 4^{16} + 1 \right )$
$= \dfrac{1}{3}\left ( 4^{32} - 1 \right )$