(x + 5)³ - x³ - 125
= [(x + 5)³ - x³] - 125
= (x + 5 - x)[(x + 5)² + x(x + 5) + x²] - 125
= 5.(x² + 10x + 25 + x² + 5x + x²) - 125
= 5.(3x² + 15x + 25) - 125
= 15x² + 75x + 125 - 125
= (15x² + 75x) + (125 - 125)
= 15x(x + 5) + 0
= 15x(x + 5)
Vậy (x + 5)³ - x³ - 125 = 15x(x + 5)