a) \(x^2-x-y^2-y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2-2xy+y^2-z^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-z^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z^2\)
\(=\left(x-y-z\right)\left(x-y+z\right)\)
c) \(5x-5y+ax-ay\)
\(=\left(5x-5y\right)+\left(ax-ay\right)\)
\(=5\left(x-y\right)+a\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(5+a\right)\)