`a.4x^2-4y^2+1-4x`
`=(4x^2-4x+1)-4y^2`
`=(2x-1)^2-4y^2`
`=(2x+2y-1)(2x-2y-1).`
`b.x^2+2xy+2x+y^2+2y+1`
`=x^2+(2xy+2x)+(y^2+2y+1)`
`=x^2+2x(y+1)+(y+1)^2`
`=(x+y+1)^2.`
`c.x^3+x^2z+y^2z-xyz+y^3`
`=(x^3+y^3)+(x^2z-xyz+y^2z)`
`=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)+z(x^2-xy+y^2)`
`=(x+y+z)(x^2-xy+y^2).`