$\text{9.}$ 

$\text{→}$ It is reported that 2 people are killed in the explosion.

$\text{→}$ 2 people are reported to be killed in the explosion.

$\text{→}$ It + be + PP + that + S + V = S + be + PP + to-V/ to have + PP

$\text{→}$ Vì report và are killed đều là thì HT ⇒ dùng to-V

$\text{10.}$

$\text{→}$ It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.

$\text{→}$ The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.

$\text{→}$ Vì think ở HT còn escaped ở QK ⇒ dùng to have + PP

$\text{11.}$

$\text{→}$ It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.

$\text{→}$ 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.

$\text{→}$ believe và is đều ở HT ⇒ to-V

$\text{12.}$

$\text{→}$ It was rumoured that the man was still living.

$\text{→}$ The man was rumoured to be still living.

$\text{→}$ rumoured và was still living đều ở QK ⇒ to-V

$\text{13.}$

$\text{→}$ It was delared that she won the competition.

$\text{→}$ She was delared to win the competition.

$\text{→}$ delared và won đều là QK ⇒ to-V

$\text{14.}$

$\text{→}$ It is known that English is an International language.

$\text{→}$ English is known to be an Internation language.

$\text{→}$ know và is đều là HT ⇒ to-V

$\text{15.}$

$\text{→}$ It is thought that Jack London's life and writing represent the American love of adventure.

$\text{→}$ Jack London's life and writing are thought to represent the American love of adventure.

$\text{→}$ think và represent là HT ⇒ to-V

1. - Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.

- It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion.

2. - The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.

- It is though that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall

3. - 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.

- It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.

4. - The man was rumoured to be still living
- It was rumoured that the man was still living.

5. - It was declared that she won the competition.
- She was declared to win the competition.

6. - It is known that English is an international language.
- English is known to be an international language

7. - Jack London's life and writings is thought to represent the American love adventure.

- It is thought that Jack London's life and writings represent the American love adventure.

Giải thích:

Chủ động: People/They/… + say/said/think/… + (that) + S + V + sb/sth

=> Bị động:

+ Cách 1: It + bị động + that….

+ Cách 2: S + bị động + to + V/have P2

Nếu động từ sau S ở câu chủ động là hiện tại thì sau “to” là V nguyên thể Nếu động từ sau S ở câu chủ động tính từ quá khứ trở đi thì sau “to” sẽ là “have P2” Nếu động từ ở vế bị động là quá khứ và động từ sau S ở câu chủ động cũng là quá khứ thì sau “to” là V nguyên thể

+ Cách 3: Sb/sth + bị động + to + V/have P2

(Phải chú ý sau “to” sẽ là chủ động hay bị động tuỳ thuộc vào câu)