Đặt \(f\left(A,B,C\right)=cosA+cosB+cosC+\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-2\sqrt{3}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(A,B,C\right)-f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(cosB+cosC-2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\)
\(=2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\left(cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Bên cạnh đó ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{sinB+sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)}{sinB+sinC}\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)\ge2\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{sinB+sinC}-cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{1-sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)}{sinB+sinC}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(A,B,C\right)\ge f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)
Giờ ta chỉ cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức đúng trong trường hợp tam giác cân.
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{A}{2}\\cosB=cosC=\dfrac{sinA}{2}\\sinB=sinC=\dfrac{cosA}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)=\left(cosA+2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{2}{cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}-2\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\left(sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-1\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA}{sinA}\)
Mà ta có: \(1\ge sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\ge2\sqrt{3}sinA+4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA\ge4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)+1=\left(2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-1\right)\right)^2\)
Từ đó ta suy ra:
\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\ge\left(2sin-1\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh. Dấu = xảy ra khi \(A=B=C=\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
