Gọi a, b là mol $Mg$, $MgO$.
$\Rightarrow 24a+40b=10$ (1)
$Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2$
$MgO+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2O$
$MgCl_2+2NaOH\to Mg(OH)_2+2NaCl$
$Mg(OH)_2\to MgO+H_2O$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2}= n_{MgCl_2}= a+b$
$n_{MgO}=\frac{14}{40}=0,35 mol$
$\Rightarrow a+b=0,35$ (2)
(1)(2)$\Rightarrow a=0,25; b=0,1$
$\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,25.24.100}{10}=60\%$
$\%m_{MgO}=40\%$