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Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe. Belgium shares borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany, and Luxembourg, and has a north coast. This is a country with a small area, high population density, population of about 11 million people. Belgium belongs to both European-German cultural regions and Latin Europe, with two main language groups: Dutch is mostly spoken in the Vlaanderen community, which is the native language of 59% of the population; French is mostly spoken among Wallonie residents and is native to about 40% of the population; In addition, about 1% of the population are German speakers.
Historically, Belgium was located in an area called the Lowlands (Nederlanden), slightly larger than the present Benelux alliance. This area was called Belgica in Latin after the name of the Roman province of Gallia Belgica (Rome). From the late Middle Ages to the seventeenth century, the Belgian region was a prosperous and cosmopolitan center of commerce and culture. From the sixteenth century until the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands by the Belgian Revolution in 1830, this area became a battlefield among the major powers in Europe, hence the name "Battlefield of Europe". this reputation was strengthened during the two world wars of the twentieth century
Today, Belgium follows a federal constitutional monarchy, which has a parliamentary system. The country is divided into three regions and three communities exist side by side. The two largest regions are Vlaanderen in the north with Dutch-speaking populations, and Wallonie in the south with most French-speaking populations. The Brussels Capital Region has an official bilingual status, and is surrounded by the Vlaanderen region.The German-speaking community was located east of Wallonie.The linguistic diversity and related political conflicts in Belgium are reflected in the political history and complex governance system here, with six different governments. [9] [10] Belgium joined the industrial revolution, and in the twentieth century owned a number of colonies in Africa. The second half of the twentieth century was marked by increased tensions between Dutch and French speaking citizens, fueled by Vlaanderen's linguistic and cultural differences and uneven economic development and Wallonie. This continuous opposition led to several sweeping reforms, resulting in the transition from Belgium from a single state to a federal state between 1970 and 1993. Despite these reforms, tensions between groups still exist; separatism has a considerable size in Belgium, especially in the Vlaanderen community; Controversial linguistic legislation exists in multilingual autonomous areas.
Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union, and is home to the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the Council of Europe and the European Parliament and many major international organizations. other. Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone, NATO, OECD and WTO, and is part of the Benelux Alliance and the Schengen Region. Belgium is a developed, high-income economy with an advanced level, and is classified as "very high" in the human development index.
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