Bài 1:
\(4x-x^2-5\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2.x.2+4+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\le-1\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-x^2-5< 0\) với mọi x
Bài 2:
a) \(M=x^2+y^2-x+6y+10\)
\(M=x^2-2.x\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+y^2+2.y.3+9-9+10\)
\(M=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x và y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Mmin=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(Q=2x^2-6x\)
\(Q=2\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(Q=2\left(x^2-2.x\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(Q=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Vì \(2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Qmin=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
