Respiration is an essential life process that involves a gaseous exchange of the body. It provides the cells with oxygen that plays an important role in many metabolic processes of cells. Also, it results in the removal of carbon dioxide gas from the body which can be toxic. The respiration takes place by some special organs of the body. These include the lungs cavity and the nasal cavity predominantly. The respiratory system is a complex system that operates rhythmically.

The respiration process generates energy through the breakdown of glucose molecules. The oxygen that we inhale is transported to various body cells where it helps in the burning or breakdown of food. The glucose is produced which is employed in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) production that is used as energy by the cells.

The various components of the Human respiratory system are as follows:

The nose is the first organ that initiates the cycle of respiration by inhaling and terminates by exhaling. It is composed of two openings called nostrils that are external and are divided by septum. Tiny hair follicles are present in nostril cavities to filter unwanted pathogens and dirt particles. The next organ is the larynx. These are two cartilaginous chords situated at the joining point of the pharynx and trachea. It is referred to as Adam’s apple or voice box. It is responsible for the production of sound. After the larynx, there is a wide hollow space called the pharynx. The nasal chambers of the nose open up directly into the pharynx. Thus, it is a pathway for air but also it serves as a path for food. It includes elastic cartilage called the epiglottis that prevents the food from entering the windpipe. Below the pharynx is the trachea or windpipe. It is a tubular cartilaginous structure that consists of C-shaped rings that harden it and controls its expansion. It divides into two in the breastbone region. These two splits of the trachea are called Bronchi. Bronchi are the tubes that finally enter the lungs. These tubes further divide to form secondary tubules called bronchioles in each of the lungs. These further divide into minute tubules that terminate in a sac-like structure called alveoli. Now, alveoli are the main structures that take part in gaseous exchange. The alveoli are minute sacs and have thin single-celled walls through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through diffusion. Thus, the lungs are the major organ that acts as a center of respiration.

Cho mình 5* và ctlhn ạ

The human digestive system is responsible for the intake, breakdown, absorption, and finally removal of nutrients and energy needed for the functioning of the human body. It performs these duties by allowing nutrients and energy in the form of food to enter the body, and then removing the materials needed from the food, then absorbing the materials into the body, as well as sending these materials to the place that they’re needed, and finally removing the leftover materials from the body. the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus, as well as the secondary organs; the liver, the salivary glands, the gallbladder, and the pancreas.

The mouth is responsible for the immediate intake of food, and is partially responsible for digestion, through the process of mastication, which is the chewing of food. Food enters the body through the mouth, where it is then chewed to soften and partially break down the food. Once the food is sufficiently broken down, it is swallowed and brought to the next organ in the digestive system, the esophagus.

The Role of the esophagus is simply to allow the partially broken down food to travel from the mouth to the stomach. At the joining point of the esophagus and the stomach, called the cardiac sphincter, is the blocker that prevents gastric acid from exiting the stomach and damaging the mouth or the esophagus itself. It is filled with gastric acid, a powerful acid that breaks down food with relative ease, digesting most foods in about 4 or 5 hours. The stomach contains three glands, which are used to either aid in the digestion of food, or protection of the stomach from its own digestive materials. A common problem associated with the stomach is peptic ulcers, a type of ulcer formed by a disturbance in the regulation of the hormone gastrin, which causes too much gastric acid to be produced, which causes damage to the mucus membrane and the stomach lining. After food has been digested enough, it moves out of the stomach and into the small intestine.

Another round of digestion occurs in the small intestine, even more than in the stomach. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, and it is responsible for most of the food digested in the small intestine. The next part of the small intestine is the jejunum, which is the longest portion of the small intestine, but it is also responsible for very little digestion but is primarily responsible for the first round of absorption, where it takes most of the nutrients out of the food matter. The final portion of the small intestine is the ileum, which is where the final bit of absorption in the small intestine takes place.