\(\text{a) }\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\\ =\dfrac{3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)}{3}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)}{3}\\ \\ =\dfrac{\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)}{3}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)}{3}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)}{3}\\ =\dfrac{2^{32}-1}{3}\\ \)

\(\text{b) }24\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(5^2-1\right)\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(5^4-1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right) \\ =\left(5^8-1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(5^{16}-1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\\ =5^{32}-1\\ \)

\(\text{c) }48\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\left(7^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(7^2-1\right)\left(7^2+1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\left(7^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(7^4-1\right)\left(7^4+1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\left(7^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(7^8-1\right)\left(7^8+1\right)\left(7^{16}+1\right)\\ =\left(7^{16}-1\right)\left(7^{16}+1\right)\\ =7^{32}-1\)